Deck 9

Question 1

Helicase

Answer 1

An enzyme that untwists the double helix of DNA at the replication forks.

Question 2

Gene

Answer 2

DNA segments that serve as the key functional units in hereditary transmission.

Question 3

silent mutation

Answer 3

A mutation that changes a single nucleotide, but does not change the amino acid created.

Question 4

missense mutation

Answer 4

subsitution of wrong nucleotide into DNA; still produces a protein

Question 5

nonsense mutation

Answer 5

subsitution of wrong nucleotide into DNA that produces an early stop codon

Question 6

frameshift mutation

Answer 6

mutation that involves the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide in the DNA sequence

Question 7

Mutation

Answer 7

A rare change in the DNA of a gene, ultimately creating genetic diversity.

Question 8

gene expression

Answer 8

process by which a gene produces its product and the product carries out its function

Question 9

Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

Answer 9

DNA –> RNA –> Protein

Question 10

Transcription

Answer 10

DNA to RNA

Question 11

RNA polymerase

Answer 11

Enzyme that links together the growing chain of ribonucleotides during transcription.

Question 12

Promoter

Answer 12

Specific region of a gene where RNA polymerase can bind and begin transcription

Question 13

terminator

Answer 13

In prokaryotes, a special sequence of nucleotides in DNA that marks the end of a gene.

Question 14

Codon

Answer 14

The three-base sequence of nucleotides in mRNA

Question 15

stop codon

Answer 15

codon that signals to ribosomes to stop translation

Question 16

start codon

Answer 16

codon that signals to ribosomes to begin translation; codes for the first amino acid in a protein

Question 17

Anticodon

Answer 17

group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon

Question 18

mRNA (messenger RNA)

Answer 18

The form of RNA which is created as a blueprint from DNA; carries instructions for making a protein

Question 19

tRNA (transfer RNA)

Answer 19

The form of RNA that carries each amino acid to the ribsome to form the polypeptide chain (protein)

Question 20

rRNA (ribosomal RNA)

Answer 20

type of RNA that makes up the major part of ribosomes

Question 21

Species

Answer 21

A group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring.

Question 22

Population

Answer 22

A group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area

Question 23

gene pool

Answer 23

Combined genetic information of all the members of a particular population

Question 24

evolutionary fitness

Answer 24

success in passing genes to the next generation

Question 25

adaptive trait

Answer 25

a heritable trait that enhances an individuals fitness; an evolutionary adaption

Question 26

sexual selection

Answer 26

when individuals select mates based on heritable traits

Question 27

artificial selection

Answer 27

selective breeding of plants and animals to promote the occurrence of desirable traits in offspring

Question 28

gene flow (migration)

Answer 28

movement of alleles from one population to another

Question 29

genetic drift

Answer 29

random change in allele frequencies that occurs in small populations

Question 30

bottleneck effect

Answer 30

a reduction in the genetic diversity of a population caused by a reduction in its size