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Introduction to Biology > Deck 2 > Flashcards

Deck 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

electron

A

Subatomic particle, located in shells on the outside of the nucleus, has a negative charge and almost no mass.

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2
Q

electronegativity

A

A measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons. How strongly does an atoms attract bonding electrons to itself?

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3
Q

element

A

Atoms with unique properties, designated by the atomic number.

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4
Q

hydrogen bond

A

Weak chemical bond. Occurs between atoms in different molecules or parts of molecules. Weak electrostatic attraction between areas of molecules with opposite partial charges.

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5
Q

ion

A

Positively or negatively charged atom.

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6
Q

ionic bond

A

Moderately strong chemical bond. Occurs between atoms in the same molecule. Electrons transfer from one atom to another.

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7
Q

isotope

A

Any or two or more forms of a chemical element, having the same number of protons in the nucleus, or the same atomic number, but having different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus, or different atomic weights.

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8
Q

matter

A

Anything that occupies space and has mass.

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9
Q

molecular formula

A

A formula giving the number of atoms of each of the elements present in one molecule of a specific compound.

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10
Q

neutron

A

Subatomic particle, electrically neutral, located in the nucleus. Mass of one amu

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11
Q

nucleus

A

Center of the atom. Contains equal number of protons and neutrons.

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12
Q

Periodic Table

A

Chart organizing elements by atomic number and weight.

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13
Q

proton

A

Subatomic particle, located in the nucleus, with a positive charge. Mass of one amu.

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14
Q

valence electron

A

Electrons on the outermost shell of the atom. Involved in chemical bonds.

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15
Q

Adhesion

A

The attraction between water molecules and other molecules.

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16
Q

Cohesion

A

Water molecules are attracted to each other, keeping the molecules together.

17
Q

Hydrophilic

A

Substances that will dissolve in water. Polar. They split into positive and negative ions and dissolve in water. Examples: sugars and alcohols.

18
Q

Hydrophobic

A

Substances that do not dissolve in water. Non-polar. Examples: hydrocarbons and fatty acids.

19
Q

Surface Tension

A

The capacity of a liquid’s surface to resist being ruptured when placed under tension or stress.

20
Q

Solute

A

The component(s) present in lower quantities.

21
Q

Solution

A

Homogeneous mixtures, with 2 components: solvent and solutes.

22
Q

Solvent

A

The component of the solution in the greatest quantity.

23
Q

Carbohydrate

A

Biological macromolecule. Sugars. Essential for energy storage, cellular communication and structural support. Store energy; provide structural support; facilitate communication

24
Q

Chemical potential energy

A

The energy stored in the chemical bonds of a substance.

25
Q

inorganic molecule

A

Molecules like water, oxygen gas, carbon dioxide, and ionic salts. Relatively stable, simple, and store little chemical energy.

26
Q

lipid

A

Biological macromolecules. Fatty acids. Essential for energy storage and maintaining a boundary between the living organism and its environment. Provide energy (long term); serve as structural components of membranes

27
Q

nucleic acid

A

Biological macromolecules. Nucleotides. Essential for information storage within a cell and passing on this information to the next generation. Examples: DNA. Store genetic information, used in protein synthesis.

28
Q

organic molecule

A

Any molecule that contains a carbon to hydrogen covalent bond. Often complex and many store a lot of chemical potential energy. Examples: glucose, methane, DNA, protein and fat.

29
Q

protein

A

Biological macromolecules. Amino acids. Essential for carrying out most of the necessary functions of life. Serve as structural components of tissues; facilitate and speed up biochemical reactions (enzymes); participate in communication

30
Q

Dietary Fiber

A

Indigestible carbohydrates, which cannot be degraded by human digestive enzymes.

Introduction to Biology (11 decks)

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