Deck 3

Question 1

Disaccharide

Answer 1

2 sugar subunits. Lactoss: dairy products. Sucrose: ‘Table sugar’, sugarcane, sugar beets, candy. Maltrose: germinating seeds, beer.

Question 2

Glycogen

Answer 2

Polysaccharide. Mainly used for energy storage in animals.

Question 3

Monosaccharide

Answer 3

Simple sugars. 1 sugar subunit. Glucose: many plants and fruits, honey, sports drinks. Fructos: fruit, honey, sweetener in many processed foods.

Question 4

Polysaccharide

Answer 4

Complex carbohydrates. 3 or more sugar subunits. Starch: plants and roots, potatoes, wheat, corn, rice. Cellulose: plants.

Question 5

Starch

Answer 5

Polysaccharides. Mainly used for energy storage in plants.

Question 6

Cholesterol

Answer 6

Used to build steroid hormones, including testosterone and estradiol. Precursor to vitamins D & K. Helps in the absorption of fats from the digestive system into the body. In animals, maintains the proper consistency of the cell membrane.

Question 7

Endotherm

Answer 7

Animals that live in cold polar regions, like penguins, whiles and seals. They have thick insulating ‘blubber’ beneath the skin.

Question 8

Fatty Acid

Answer 8

Carboxylic acids consisting of hydrocarbon chain and a terminal carboxyl group, especially any of those occurring as esters in fats and oils.

Question 9

Lipoprotein

Answer 9

Carrier that transports cholesterol around the body to the cells that need it.

Question 10

Phospholipid

Answer 10

Type of Lipid. Provides structure to cell membranes; a protective barrier surrounding the cell or separating compartments and forming organelles within the cell. Ex: lipid bilayer membrane.

Question 11

Saturated Fat

Answer 11

Have 3 fatty acid ‘tails’all of which are linear in shape. Compact shape helps them pack together efficiently and form a solid at room temperature.

Question 12

Steroid

Answer 12

Type of lipid. Provides structure to membranes; regulates many developmental, metabolic and energy processes. Ex: Cholesterol; naturally occurring hormones like estrogen and testosterone.

Question 13

Triglyceride

Answer 13

Type of lipid. Stores energy for use at a later time. Saturated fats, unsaturated fats, trans fats.

Question 14

Unsaturated Fat

Answer 14

Have at least one fatty acid. ‘Kinky’ fatty acids. Do not pack into a regular structure and remain fluid at room temperature.

Question 15

Wax

Answer 15

Type of lipid. Forms protective layers on plants and animals that repel water. Ex” Beeswax, bird feathers, carnauba wax, jojoba oil, lanolin.

Question 16

Active Site

Answer 16

The binding site on enzymes. contains amino acids that both bind the substrate and aid in its conversion to product.

Question 17

Amino Acid

Answer 17

Building block of proteins. A small organic chemical that is made up of four parts. One end has nitrogen-amino group, other end has carboxylic acid groups linked by a single carbon atom called the alpha carbon, and the variable ‘R group’ also attached to the alpha carbon.

Question 18

Catalyst

Answer 18

A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change.

Question 19

Denatured State

Answer 19

When a folded protein is unfolded but is irreversibly tangled, forming an aggregate and precipitating out of solution. Caused by extremes of temperature and ph.

Question 20

enzyme

Answer 20

Proteins that catalyze chemical reactions by accelerating the rate at which chemical reactions take place in a cell. Ex: Amylase protein.

Question 21

peptide bond

Answer 21

The bond between amino acids that make up proteins.

Question 22

protein

Answer 22

Nitrogenous organic compound that consists of large molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids and are an essential part of all living organisms.

Question 23

substrate

Answer 23

A substance on which an enzyme acts.

Question 24

Antibodie

Answer 24

Proteins that identify and neutralize foreign substances. Ex: IgE Protein

Question 25

Hormone

Answer 25

Proteins that regulate the rate of cell processes (growth, metabolism, development). Ex: insulin.

Question 26

Mechanical Protein

Answer 26

Proteins that provide flexibility, elasticity, and support for movement. Ex: Actin and Myosin.

Question 27

Nutrient Protein

Answer 27

Proteins that provide support for growth and overall health. Ex: casein

Question 28

Structural Protein

Answer 28

Proteins that provide organisms with structure, support, and elasticity. Ex: collagen and keratin

Question 29

Transport Protein

Answer 29

Proteins that carry substances from one part of the organism to another. ex: hemoglobin protein

Question 30

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Answer 30

the genetic material that stores information for making proteins in all living organisms. Stores and transmits inherited genetic information; and contains the coded directions for making proteins