Deck 8

Question 1

sickle cell trait

Answer 1

symptoms shown by those possessing a heterozygous genotype for sickle cell anemia

Question 2

polygenic inheritance

Answer 2

combined effect of two or more genes on a single character

Question 3

Epistasis

Answer 3

Two separate genes control one trait, but one gene masks the expression of the other gene

Question 4

plietropy

Answer 4

single genes can affect multiple characteristics

Question 5

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Answer 5

inherited disorder in which the infant lacks a liver enzyme

Question 6

multifactorial

Answer 6

Referring to a phenotypic character that is influenced by multiple genes and environmental factors.

Question 7

norm of reaction

Answer 7

The range of phenotypes produced by a single genotype, due to environmental influences.

Question 8

autosomal chromosome

Answer 8

22 chromosome pairs that control traits NOT related to gender–same in females and males.

Question 9

Autosome

Answer 9

A chromosome that is not directly involved in determining sex, as opposed to a sex chromosome.

Question 10

Karyotype

Answer 10

A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape.

Question 11

Aneuploidy

Answer 11

Abnormal number of chromosomes

Question 12

Progeria

Answer 12

condition of premature old age occuring in childhood

Question 13

Nucleotide

Answer 13

in a nucleic-acid chain, a subunit that consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base

Question 14

Genes

Answer 14

DNA segments that serve as the key functional units in hereditary transmission.

Question 15

Transfer RNA

Answer 15

type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis

Question 16

Ribosomal RNA

Answer 16

type of RNA that combines with proteins to form ribosomes

Question 17

Translation

Answer 17

Process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is produced

Question 18

Purine

Answer 18

double-ring nitrogenous base

Question 19

Pyrimidine

Answer 19

single-ring nitrogenous base

Question 20

tumor suppressor gene

Answer 20

a gene that codes for regulator proteins that prevent the cell from undergoing uncontrolled division

Question 21

biological evolution

Answer 21

the change over time in populations of related organisms

Question 22

Microevolution

Answer 22

evolutionary change within a species or small group of organisms, especially over a short period.

Question 23

Macroevolution

Answer 23

large-scale evolutionary changes that take place over long periods of time

Question 24

heritable variation

Answer 24

differences that are passed on from parent to offspring

Question 25

Adaptation

Answer 25

A trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce

Question 26

DNA replication

Answer 26

The process in which DNA makes a duplicate copy of itself.

Question 27

DNA polymerase

Answer 27

An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of the DNA molecule.

Question 28

semiconservative

Answer 28

method of replication that implies that each new strand of DNA is half original and half new

Question 29

template strand

Answer 29

the strand of DNA that specifies the complementary mRNA molecule

Question 30

Primer

Answer 30

short segments of DNA that guide DNA polymerase to the section of DNA to copy