Deck 4

Question 1

Nitrogenous base

Answer 1

A type of organic molecule that consists of one or two ring structures. 5 types: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, uracil.

Question 2

Nucleic acid

Answer 2

macromolecules that carry out two main functions in the cell: storage of genetic information and synthesis of proteins.

Question 3

Nucleotide

Answer 3

Base of nucleic acid. Chains of this make up nucleic acids. Contains a phosphate, a sugar and a nitrogenous base.

Question 4

RNA (ribonucleic acid)

Answer 4

Transmits the information coded in the DNA so that it can be used to produce proteins.

Question 5

Features of DNA

Answer 5

Function: Stores genetic information. Location: Remains in the nucleus. Structure: Double helix. Sugar: Deoxyribose. Pyrimidines: Cytosine, Thymine. Purines: Adenine, guanine.

Question 6

Features of RNA

Answer 6

Function: Involved in protein synthesis. Location: Leaves the nucleus. Structure: Usually single-stranded. Sugar: Ribose. Pyrimidines: Cytosine, uracil. Purines: Adenine, guanine.

Question 7

Actin

Answer 7

Filament in the Cytoskeleton which has a prominent role in cell movement, maintaining cell shape, and connection to other cells, as well as intracellular transport.

Question 8

Cell Membrane

Answer 8

provides a barrier between the interior and exterior of the cell and it regulates the flow of substances in and out of the cell.

Question 9

Cell wall

Answer 9

Protective layer for prokaryotes, made of peptidoglycan.

Question 10

central vacuole

Answer 10

In a plant cell. can be a place of storage, degradation, defense, and even physical support for the cell.

Question 11

centriole

Answer 11

A barrel-shaped structure only present in animal cells. plays a role in the spatial organization of the cell and cell division.

Question 12

chloroplast

Answer 12

In a plant cell. Chloroplasts capture energy from the sun and use that energy to build sugar molecules.

Question 13

chromatin

Answer 13

the material of which the chomrosomes of organisms are composed. Consists of protein, RNA and DNA

Question 14

chromosome

Answer 14

A single molecule of DNA.

Question 15

cilium

Answer 15

a short, microscopic, hairlike vibrating structure. Occurs in large numbers on the surface of certain cells.

Question 16

cytoplasm

Answer 16

the fluid that occupies the space inside the cell. the space in which the chemical reactions that enable life take place.

Question 17

cytoskeleton

Answer 17

formed by a series of protein filaments, and is both a scaffold for the cell structure and a framework for many cellular activities, including movement and cell division.

Question 18

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Answer 18

a series of sacs and tubes. put together or assemble the proteins and other cellular components.

Question 19

eukaryotic cell

Answer 19

larger, and most often they are multicellular organisms, including plants, animals, and fungi.

Question 20

flagellum

Answer 20

External appendage to a prokaryote.

Question 21

fungus

Answer 21

include molds and mushrooms, are also eukaryotes.

Question 22

golgi apparatus

Answer 22

Where the proteins assembled in the ER are delivered to different parts of the cell, or in multicellular organisms, to different parts of the body.

Question 23

lysosome

Answer 23

specialized vesicles found only in animal cells. Contain powerful digestive enzymes that can recycle cellular parts or destroy external invaders.

Question 24

microtubule

Answer 24

Formed by centrioles. filament type of the cytoskeleton. also form appendages such as the flagellum of the sperm cell and the cilia of the cells of the respiratory system.

Question 25

mitochondrion

Answer 25

takes fuel in the form of sugar (glucose) and convert it to usable energy ATP.

Question 26

nuclear envelope

Answer 26

a double-layered membrane surrounding the nucleus. studded with pores that allow information from inside the nucleus to enter the cytoplasm.

Question 27

nucleoid

Answer 27

Region ina prokaryote, where the DNA molecule is present. Does not have a surrounding membrane.

Question 28

nucleoulus

Answer 28

Within the nucleus. not bound by a membrane. Instead, it is an aggregate of molecules where ribosomes, another type of nonmembranous organelle, are assembled.

Question 29

organelle

Answer 29

a specialized structure formed when a specific set of molecules bond, providing a subunit that performs a particular function within the cell. Many, but not all, are structures enclosed by a membrane.

Question 30

plasmid

Answer 30

a genetic structure in a cell that can replicate independently of the chromosomes, typically a small circular DNA strand in the cytoplasm of a bacterium or protozoan.