deck 1 Flashcards
endorphin
hormones secreted within the brain and nervous system and having a number of physiological functions. They are peptides that activate the body’s opiate receptors, causing an analgesic effect.
centrifugation
is a process used to separate or concentrate materials suspended in a liquid medium
electrophoresis
motion of dispersed particles relative to a fluid under the influence of a spatially uniform electric field. (separation technique)
DNA microarray technology
allow researcher to examine genes in a particular cell type, and determine if they are expressed
Somatic Cell Transfer
laboratory technique for creating a viable embryo from a body cell and an egg cell.
FRAP
Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching
related to the muscles and glands
motor neuron (efferent)
sensory or afferent neurons
will carry nerve impulses from peripheral body into the CNS (brain +spinal cord) - closely related to receptor cells
monotreme
a mammal that lays eggs (platypus and echidnas (spiny anteaters)
marsupial
a mammal that completes embryonic development in a pouch
various true things about chitin
is a polysaccharide containing glucose molecules with nitrogen groups attached, a polymer of amino sugars. cell wall of many fungi contain chitin
Na+/K+ Pump-
energy is used to pump Na+ and K+ ions against the gradient; 3Na+ are pumped out; 2 K+ ions are pumped into the cell; Ouabain is a poison that will interfere with this ATP requiring pump; the pump is a protein that changes conformational states;
Illeocecal valve
junction between small and large intestine, valve will prevent the contents of the large intestine from entering the small intestine and vice versa
mitrial valve (also known as the bicuspid valve or left atrioventricular valve)
betweens heart’s left upper and lower chamber
semilunar valve
one located at the opening of the aorta and the other at the opening of the pulmonary artery, each consisting of three crescent-shaped cusps
pyloric sphincter or valve
is a strong ring of smooth muscle at the end of the pyloric canal which lets food pass from the stomach to the duodenum
function of alkaloid colchicine
blocks the mitotic cycle of plants and animals
function of colchicine
inhibits microtubule activity
characteristic of thyroid hormones
contains iodine and cannot be produced without it ; thyroxin and triiodothyronine contain iodine
thyroid gland mammalian secretes
calcitonin- lowers the calcium levels in the blood
I-131
ingestion of radioactive 1-131 will help determine thyroid activity . ingest with water and will concentrate in the thyroid
In kidney physiology vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles leads to:
a decreased rate of filtration; blood flow is decreased; decreases the volume of urine flow
only interacting with cell-surface receptors
insulin
will bind to nuclear receptors
steroid hormones such as estrogen, testosterone, and progesterone.
unique to angiosperms
double fertilization
earthworm characteristics
is an invertebrate, have no respiratory organs, thus respiration takes place through moist skin, moist skin is needed for O2 to passively diffuse
The process that is common in aerobic and anaerobic organisms
Glycolysis
Cellular respiration 3 major processes
GKP- Glycolysis, The Krebs Cycle, Oxidative Phosphorylation
indeterminate cleavage
of a zygote will allow a human twin to be produced; each cell that is made retains its capacity to develop into a viable embryo
hepatic vein
allow blood to leave the liver. will empty into the inferior vena cava allowing the blood to be returned to the general circulation
hepatic artery
is a short blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the liver, pylorus (a part of the stomach), duodenum (a part of the small intestine) and pancreas.
inferior vena cava
is the large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower half of the body into the right atrium of the heart.
what could cause the yellow coloring in jaundice
excess bilirubin (Bilirubin is the yellow breakdown product of normal heme catabolis)
Which hormone stimulates the release of bile
Cholecystokinin is a hormone released by the cells of the duodenum that stimulates bile release.
Products of a light reaction of photosynthesis
ATP , O2 and NADPH
2 pigments used in photosynthesis
chlorophulls and carotenoids
autotrophs
make their own food; make organic molecules from inorganic raw materials which they get from the environment.
function of ciliary muscle
adjusts lens shape in the eye
papillae
projections on tongue surface , that provides friction for handling foo sand contain taste buds
papillary muscle
cone shaped muscles located in the heart
echinoderm characteristics
invertebrates, no segmentation, adults display radial symmetry, include starfish sea urchins and sea cucumbers
convergent evolution
when two distinct species with differing ancestries evolve to yield similar physical features
divergent evolution
accumulation of differences between groups which can lead to the formation of new species, usually a result of diffusion of the same species to different and isolated environments
what is erythropoietin
hormone released primarily from the kidneys and will stimulate RBC formation in the bone marrow
Where do platelets, leukocytes and erythrocytes develop
pluripotent stem cell
stroke
death of nervous issue in the brain
thrombus
blood clot that forms in a vessel abnormally
which cells are most abundant (least)
most: erythrocytes, least: leukocytes
what happens when injured cell releases histamine
WBC migrate out of blood capillaries
ecdysone
in insects, molting and metamorphosis are regulated by this hormone
