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DAT BIO > deck 1 > Flashcards

deck 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

endorphin

A

hormones secreted within the brain and nervous system and having a number of physiological functions. They are peptides that activate the body’s opiate receptors, causing an analgesic effect.

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2
Q

centrifugation

A

is a process used to separate or concentrate materials suspended in a liquid medium

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3
Q

electrophoresis

A

motion of dispersed particles relative to a fluid under the influence of a spatially uniform electric field. (separation technique)

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4
Q

DNA microarray technology

A

allow researcher to examine genes in a particular cell type, and determine if they are expressed

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5
Q

Somatic Cell Transfer

A

laboratory technique for creating a viable embryo from a body cell and an egg cell.

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6
Q

FRAP

A

Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching

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7
Q

related to the muscles and glands

A

motor neuron (efferent)

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8
Q

sensory or afferent neurons

A

will carry nerve impulses from peripheral body into the CNS (brain +spinal cord) - closely related to receptor cells

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9
Q

monotreme

A

a mammal that lays eggs (platypus and echidnas (spiny anteaters)

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10
Q

marsupial

A

a mammal that completes embryonic development in a pouch

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11
Q

various true things about chitin

A

is a polysaccharide containing glucose molecules with nitrogen groups attached, a polymer of amino sugars. cell wall of many fungi contain chitin

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12
Q

Na+/K+ Pump-

A

energy is used to pump Na+ and K+ ions against the gradient; 3Na+ are pumped out; 2 K+ ions are pumped into the cell; Ouabain is a poison that will interfere with this ATP requiring pump; the pump is a protein that changes conformational states;

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13
Q

Illeocecal valve

A

junction between small and large intestine, valve will prevent the contents of the large intestine from entering the small intestine and vice versa

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14
Q

mitrial valve (also known as the bicuspid valve or left atrioventricular valve)

A

betweens heart’s left upper and lower chamber

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15
Q

semilunar valve

A

one located at the opening of the aorta and the other at the opening of the pulmonary artery, each consisting of three crescent-shaped cusps

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16
Q

pyloric sphincter or valve

A

is a strong ring of smooth muscle at the end of the pyloric canal which lets food pass from the stomach to the duodenum

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17
Q

function of alkaloid colchicine

A

blocks the mitotic cycle of plants and animals

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18
Q

function of colchicine

A

inhibits microtubule activity

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19
Q

characteristic of thyroid hormones

A

contains iodine and cannot be produced without it ; thyroxin and triiodothyronine contain iodine

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20
Q

thyroid gland mammalian secretes

A

calcitonin- lowers the calcium levels in the blood

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21
Q

I-131

A

ingestion of radioactive 1-131 will help determine thyroid activity . ingest with water and will concentrate in the thyroid

22
Q

In kidney physiology vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles leads to:

A

a decreased rate of filtration; blood flow is decreased; decreases the volume of urine flow

23
Q

only interacting with cell-surface receptors

A

insulin

24
Q

will bind to nuclear receptors

A

steroid hormones such as estrogen, testosterone, and progesterone.

25
Q

unique to angiosperms

A

double fertilization

26
Q

earthworm characteristics

A

is an invertebrate, have no respiratory organs, thus respiration takes place through moist skin, moist skin is needed for O2 to passively diffuse

27
Q

The process that is common in aerobic and anaerobic organisms

A

Glycolysis

28
Q

Cellular respiration 3 major processes

A

GKP- Glycolysis, The Krebs Cycle, Oxidative Phosphorylation

29
Q

indeterminate cleavage

A

of a zygote will allow a human twin to be produced; each cell that is made retains its capacity to develop into a viable embryo

30
Q

hepatic vein

A

allow blood to leave the liver. will empty into the inferior vena cava allowing the blood to be returned to the general circulation

31
Q

hepatic artery

A

is a short blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the liver, pylorus (a part of the stomach), duodenum (a part of the small intestine) and pancreas.

32
Q

inferior vena cava

A

is the large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower half of the body into the right atrium of the heart.

33
Q

what could cause the yellow coloring in jaundice

A

excess bilirubin (Bilirubin is the yellow breakdown product of normal heme catabolis)

34
Q

Which hormone stimulates the release of bile

A

Cholecystokinin is a hormone released by the cells of the duodenum that stimulates bile release.

35
Q

Products of a light reaction of photosynthesis

A

ATP , O2 and NADPH

36
Q

2 pigments used in photosynthesis

A

chlorophulls and carotenoids

37
Q

autotrophs

A

make their own food; make organic molecules from inorganic raw materials which they get from the environment.

38
Q

function of ciliary muscle

A

adjusts lens shape in the eye

39
Q

papillae

A

projections on tongue surface , that provides friction for handling foo sand contain taste buds

40
Q

papillary muscle

A

cone shaped muscles located in the heart

41
Q

echinoderm characteristics

A

invertebrates, no segmentation, adults display radial symmetry, include starfish sea urchins and sea cucumbers

42
Q

convergent evolution

A

when two distinct species with differing ancestries evolve to yield similar physical features

43
Q

divergent evolution

A

accumulation of differences between groups which can lead to the formation of new species, usually a result of diffusion of the same species to different and isolated environments

44
Q

what is erythropoietin

A

hormone released primarily from the kidneys and will stimulate RBC formation in the bone marrow

45
Q

Where do platelets, leukocytes and erythrocytes develop

A

pluripotent stem cell

46
Q

stroke

A

death of nervous issue in the brain

47
Q

thrombus

A

blood clot that forms in a vessel abnormally

48
Q

which cells are most abundant (least)

A

most: erythrocytes, least: leukocytes

49
Q

what happens when injured cell releases histamine

A

WBC migrate out of blood capillaries

50
Q

ecdysone

A

in insects, molting and metamorphosis are regulated by this hormone

DAT BIO (12 decks)

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