DAT 216-256 Flashcards
examples of phylum cnidaria
hyras, corals, jellyfish
examples of phylum arthropoda
spiders and crusteaceans
examples of phylum chordata
tunicates, mammals, amphibians, reptiles, jawless fish
cell cleavage facts
cleavage patterns vary among different animal groups ; the cell is divided into smaller cells as the number of cells increase and no cell growth occurs ; exact cleavage pattern will depend on the amount of amount of yolk in the egg; end result of cleavage is the blastula, nuclear:cytoplasmic cell increases
RNA polymerase vs. DNA polymerase
DNA polymerase has proofreading ability, RNA does not, thus, has greater error level than that of DNA
structure of tRNA
clover like
most diverse type of plants
angiosperms
will store food for he germinating seedling
cotyledon or so called seed leaf
threshold stimulus
the minimal level of stimulation rehired to cause a muscle fiber to complexly contract
sub threshold stimulus
strong enough to create a COMPLETE response to an action potential
in a hypotonic soln
cell will swell and probably burst, plants contain cell wall and are more resistant to swelling in hypnotic soln
cause cell to shrivel
hypertonic soln
responsible for the reduction of immunoglobins or antibodies
humoral immunity
involved in cell mediated immunity, don’t make antibodies
Tlymphocytes
produce antibodies
B lymphocytes
most abundant waste product of metabolism
Co2
DNA synthesis occurs in…
S-phase
in G2 the cell….
prepares to divide
During G1…
we see production of mitochondria, ribosomes and much protein synthesis
mycology divisions based on
types of sexual spores they reproduce
first to evolve
jawless fish such as hagfish (scavengers) and lampreys (parasites)
denaturation will alter which protein structures
2º, 3º, 4º
when is 1º structure of protein lost
only if digestion or hydrolysis occurs.
what may cause denaturation of a protein
heat, pH change, radiation, heavy meals such as Pb+2, Ag+, Hg2+
which process generates the most ATP
ETC; which occurs in the inner membrane of the mitochondria
where is bile(an emulsifier of fats) produced
liver
urea formation occurs in the
liver
where is liver stored
gal bladder
where is pollen produced
anther
pistil; its parts and it’s function
female part of plant; consist of stigma, style and ovary; it’s sticky and will catch the pollen
style
tube like structure connecting the stigma to the ovary
stamen
male part of plant
whats special about the haploid gameotypes in plants
its multicellular, where as in animals its unicellular
primary neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system
Acetylcholine
primary neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system
norepinephrine
DNA segments that are moveable are called
transposable elements
differentiation will….; occurs….
when a cell has become specialize, arise as a result of elective gene expression
segmented worms
annelids
arthopod circulatory system
open
responsible for the striations in skeletal muscle
alternating between thin actin filaments and thick myosin filaments
light bands [I-bands]
thin actin filaments
thick dark bands
myosin filaments
connecting links between nucleic acid
phosphodiaster bonds ; go from 5’ carbon of one unit to the 3’ OH on the next one.
best way to identify a new species
reproductive isolation
cephlapods characteristics
tenteavles to capture prey, include the squid(largest known invertebrate); have GREAT demand for O2, contain well developed nervous system, giant nerve fibers connect the brain with muscles used in jet propulsion
net reaction of glycolysis
Glucose + 2Pi + 2ADP + 2NAD+ ——— > 2 pyruvate + 2ATP + N NADH + 2H+ + 2H2O
kingdom of blue green algae and bacteria
kingdom monera
what kingdom are paramecium in
protista
what kingdom are mushrooms in
fungi
what kingdom are green algae in
protista
bryophytes
non vascular land plants such as mosses, liverworts, hornworts. have underground stems and live in moist humid habitats
sporazoans
diverse group of parasites that include plasmodium —which causes malaria
bone resorbing
osteoclasts
RBC
O2 transport
WBC
infections
MAcrophage and neutrophils
phagocytosis
Plasma cells
antibody production
Mast cells
histamine release
amnio
fluid filled sac that surrounds the embryo in reptiles, birds and mammals —NOT amphibians
greatest # of similarities would be if the organisms where in the same
genus
