90-130 Flashcards
What can remove peripheral proteins
Mild treatment with salt
Blue green algae
Prokaryotes form kingdom monera
Treatment of integral proteins
Detergent
Birth control pills control hormones
Estrogen and progestin
Progesterone
Decrease FSH and LH levels- leading
Myelin is made by
Schwann cells
Gluconeogenesis
Occurs in cytosine
Where is prolactin produced
Anterior pituitary gland
Hormones of anterior pituitary gland
HGH, LH , FSH, TSH, Prolactin
Hormones of posterior pituitary gland
ADH (vasopressin) and oxytocin - made in hypothalamus
most accurate way to work out molecular structures
X-Ray diffraction
peptidoglycans
macromolecules found in prokaryotes only; it’s what the cell wall is made up of; made up of polysaccharide and polypeptide chains.
Gram positive results
thick peptidoglycan layer and appear purple
Gram negative results
thin peptidoglycan layer and washes off
teichoic acids
used as recognition and binding sites by bacterial viruses that accuses infection (also in gram positive bacteria and covalently attached to the peptidoglycan layer)
nerve signal sequence
presynaptic cell-synaptic cleft- postsynaptic cell
the middle ear (3)
incus, malleus, stapes
inner ear
seminuclear canals, and cochlea
what’s secreted by the adrenal cortex
aldosterone and cortisol
what’s secreted by the adrenal medulla
epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine
what raises and lowers glucose levels ?
glucagon (made by pancreatic cells ) and cortisol raise glucose levels ; while insulin (made in the Beta cells) and lowers glucose levels
aldosterone
involved in Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion in the kidneys collecting duct, as well as a rise in blood press and blood volume
Fungi
are eukaryotic heterotrophs, secrete digestive enzymes and then absorb the soluble products of digestion ; more similar to human cells than plant cells; attach dead matter and living tissue
what are fungi composed of? how do they reproduce
hyphase - collectively called mycelium? sexually and asexually?
saprophytic
break down the remains of living organisms that have died
habitat
physical environment in which the organism lives
niche
the role that an organism plays in its natural community, the way the organism lives, eats and reproduces
community
interacting of different populations of species
biome
geographic region inhabited by a distinct community
coagulase
enzyme produced by staphylococcus bacteria tha tallows blood to clot
various symbiotic relationships
parasitism (+) (-); commemsalism (+) (-); mutualism (+) (+)
annelids
true coeloms, closed circulatory systems, closed body cavity, Earthworm!
Nephridia
excretory struture
ganglia
cluster of nerve cell bodies
morula
solid ball of cells ; divide mitotically to form hollow ball of cells called blastula- blastula turns into gastrula
ectoderm
hair, eyes, skin, nervous system, lens of the eye
endoderm
lining of bladder, digestive and respiratory tracts, liver, pancreas, gall bladder
mesoderm
skeleton, muscles, gonads, kidney, and circulatory system
cells of the stomach
chief, parietal, g, mucous
chief cells
secrete pesinogen
parietal cells
secrete HCL, intrinsic factor (b-12 absorption)
G-cells
secrete the hormone gastrin which stimulate HCL production of parietal cells
mucous cells
secrete mucous that lubricates that stomach and protects the stomach from HCl produced
osteoblast
secrete collagen, build bone
osteoclasts
break bone down
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
will stimulate osteoclastic activity, while calcitonin tones down the blood calcium level by decreasing osteoclastic activity .
platyhelminthes
unsegmented flatworms that are invertebrates, lack specialized nervous, circulatory and respiratory systems; o2 and co2 transport is by diffusion
epinephrine
increase heart rate, reparatory rate; increase blood GLU, BF to skeletal muscle; increase rate of glycogenolysis; will constrict blood vessels to decrease blood supply to digestive tract and kidneys; dilation o pupils; increase BF to brain and NP
nitrogen fixation occurs in
root nodule
what increases the basal metabolic rate
thyroxin
what synthesizes adrenaline and noradrenaline
adrenal medulla
why do the collecting ducts of the kidney to be more permeable to H2O?
ADH may increase BP
ADH and Oxytoxin made by… and store in….
made by the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary gland
adaptive radiation
we see a # of different species emerge from a single ancestor (a type of divergent evolution ) ex) finches on galapagos island
assumptions of the hardy-weinburg equilibrium
Assumes a large population, random mating, no net migration, no mutation, no natural selection, there should be no change in the gene pool of a population
translocation
when two non homologous chromosomes interchange genes
exceptions to the genetic code
only seen in the mitochondria
mitochondrial DNA is inherited from..
the mother
anticodon
a triplet of nucleotides on the t-RNA
how many codons to make a nucleotide
3
how are enzymes deactivated
feedback inhibition
what prevents the Corpus Luteuym from breaking down
human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
what’s secreted by the Corpus Luteum
Estradiol and progesterone
transduction
the transfer of DNA by a virus
initiation of the heart beat is largely controlled by the
SA Node
amphioxus and tunicates
chordates that are invertabrates
the inferior vena cava carries blood from the lower extremities to
right atria
enterogastrone
made induodenum, when fatty food is in the intestine, it inhibits stomach gland secretion and slows the stomach’s muscular movement.
