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DAT BIO > 132-173 > Flashcards

132-173 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

if Hb is bonded to CO

A

carboxyhemoglobin

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2
Q

if CO2 is bonded to Hb

A

carbaminohemoglobin

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3
Q

2,3-BPG

A

present in RBC that helps to unload O2 from hemoglobin

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4
Q

which two veins carry oxygenated blood

A

pulmonary and umbilical

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5
Q

ductus venosus allows

A

blood to bypass the liver

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6
Q

foramen ovale

A

allows blood to bypass the pulmonary circulation

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7
Q

ductus arteriosus

A

conducts some blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta, thus bypassing the lungs

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8
Q

parts of the autonomic nervous system

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

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9
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

allows you to respond to stress; increased heart rate, BP, pupil dilation, decrease in BF to the kidneys and digestive organs

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10
Q

parasympathetic system

A

digestion and eliminaiton occur

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11
Q

cerebellum

A

part of the brain involved with muscle coordination, balance and equilibrium

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12
Q

what divides the brains hemispheres

A

corpus callosum ; allows th right and left of the brain to communicate

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13
Q

CNS

A

brain, spinal cord

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14
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

somatic and autonomic—-all of the nervous system that isn’t in the CNS, nerves and ganglia

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15
Q

auxins

A

plant growth hormones

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16
Q

abscisic acid

A

inhibits growth

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17
Q

cytokines

A

stimulate cell division

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18
Q

where does bone growth occur

A

epuphyseal plates of long bones

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19
Q

connects bone to bone

A

ligaments

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20
Q

axial skeleton includes

A

skill, vertebra and ribs

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21
Q

appendicular skeleton includes

A

bond of arms and legs and bones of the pelvc and pectoral girdle

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22
Q

connects bone to muscle

A

tendons

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23
Q

haversian systmes

A

compact bone structural units ; blood vessels and nerves pass thorugh the harvesian canals

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24
Q

stored in the liver

A

glycogen

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25
Q

true about liver

A

albumin synthesis, bile production, destruction of worn out RBC, converts nitrogenous wast into urea, glycogen storage

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26
Q

convergent evolution

A

analogous structures ; two closely related species have resemblance

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27
Q

transpiration

A

H2O loss by evaporation from leaves

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28
Q

hydrolusis

A

involves the use of H2O to split a molecule

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29
Q

hydration

A

addition of H2O

30
Q

translocation

A

the attachment of all or a portion of one chromosome to another

31
Q

diapause

A

resting condition in the life of an insect (similar to vertebrates hibernation)

32
Q

path urine takes

A

loop of hence –> distal convoluted tubule –> collecting duct

33
Q

where resorption occurs

A

proximal convoluted tubule

34
Q

blood filtration site

A

glomererulus

35
Q

where secretion occurs

A

distal convoluted tubule (K+,H+, active transport and NH3)

36
Q

urine leaves the kidney

A

ureters

37
Q

PKU disease

A

high amounts of amino acid phenlalanine in the blood (can result in mental retardation ) homo recess.

38
Q

gout

A

uric acid crystals deposit in tissues such as the big toe

39
Q

diabetes insipidus

A

insufficient vasoperessin production

40
Q

tay sachs disease

A

lysosomal defect

41
Q

hashimoto’s disease

A

thyroid involvement

42
Q

where we find sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

muscle cells. a calcium reservoir. acetycholine triggers an action potential that passes along it

43
Q

where does RBC get it’s energy from

A

since there is no mitochondria there is no TCA cycle, anaerobic respire occurs n the cytosol

44
Q

ETC site

A

inner membrane of the mitochondria

45
Q

controls breathing

A

medulla; as co2 levels increase, it send impulse to the diaphragm and chest muscles which increase breathing rate.

46
Q

cerebellum

A

balance and muscle coordination; balance associated with the semi circular canals located in inner ear.

47
Q

saltatory conduction

A

when the impulse jumps from node to node increases velocity several hold

48
Q

peristalisis

A

smooth muscle contractions that allow food o move through the alimentary canal

49
Q

enzymatic hydrlysis occurs in

A

small intestine

50
Q

first macromolecule that undergo enzymatic hydrolysis

A

carbs

51
Q

how are amino acids and sugars carried away

A

from the intestine to the bloodstream

52
Q

fish - frog heart

A

2 chambered tubular heart; 3 chambered heart

53
Q

momcytes develop into

A

macrophages

54
Q

B cells develop into

A

fetal liver and spleen and produce antipodes that are in the blood and lymph

55
Q

T cells

A

involved in immune reactions and develop in the thymus

56
Q

bar body

A

inactivated X chromosome

57
Q

hemizygous

A

having onlyoen single copy of a gene instead of two

58
Q

reptiles inlcude:

A

lizards, snakes, turtles, crocodilians

59
Q

croc heart

A

four chambers

60
Q

class chondrichthys

A

skates and sharks

61
Q

class amphibia

A

toads and frogs

62
Q

class aves

A

birds

63
Q

class reptilia

A

lizards, turtes and snakes

64
Q

class agnatha

A

hagfish and lampre (lack bones, scales and fins)

65
Q

osteichthys

A

bony fish

66
Q

genetic drift

A

random changes in allele freq from one generation to another in small pop can lead to elimination of a particular allele by chance alone

67
Q

where does kreb cycle occur

A

matrix of mitochondria

68
Q

what’s produced per turn of TCA

A

3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 GTP

69
Q

what happens to CO2 in TCA

A

pyruvate loses CO2 in matrix of mitochondria and combines with CoA to become acetyl CoA. it is the Aceyl CoaA that meters tp TCA cycle by concession with oxaloacetate to form citrate

70
Q

what structure is considered the link between the nervous system and the endocrine system

A

hypothalamus

71
Q

hypothalamus

A

help regulate heart , arterial BP , produce neurosecretory substances, regulate h2o and electrolyte balance, body temp, and maintain homeostasis

DAT BIO (12 decks)

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