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DAT BIO > DAT 346-387 > Flashcards

DAT 346-387 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

how can a neurotransmitter be removed from the synapse

A

enzyme degradation, re-uptake or simple diffusion

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2
Q

nerve gases

A

inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase, and cause death by respiratory paralysis

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3
Q

Tay-Sachs disease

A

autosomal recessive disease in which a lysosomal enzyme defect occurs and causes lipid buildup in brain cells. common in infants of european and jewish decent. fatal in the 1st 5 yrs of life. during the disease blindness, mental retardation and eventually death occur.

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4
Q

BP eqn

A

BP= cardiac output/R^4;

BP=COx PVR

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5
Q

CO=

A

stroke volume x heart rate

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6
Q

where do the food and air passages cross

A

pharynx

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7
Q

detects specific proteins in tissues

A

Western blot

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8
Q

detects DNA sequences in DNA samples

A

southern blot

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9
Q

detects RNA in a sample

A

Northern blot

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10
Q

studies cell-to-cell communication

A

Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy

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11
Q

buffer system works primarily in intracellular fluids

A

phosphate buffer

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12
Q

sequence of inspired air

A

nasal cavity-> trachea -> bronchus -> bronchiole -> alveoli

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13
Q

main function of large intestine

A

resorption of water, sodium, and other minerals; it also harbors bacteria which are the main source of vitamin K production

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14
Q

capacitation process

A

functional maturation of the spermatozoa.physiological changes occur in spermatozoa. this is required by a spermatozoa in the female oviduct and uterus that allows for egg penetration

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15
Q

protein associated with flagellum

A

dynein; arms are attached to the microtubules and serve as molecular motors

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16
Q

theory of acquired characteristics

A

lamark

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17
Q

examples of autosomal recessive disorders

A

sickle cell anemia, PKU disease, galactosemia ; sons and daughters are equally likely to inherit a particular allele

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18
Q

adjacent cells are held together in cardiac muscle by

A

intercalated disks; these disk have low resistance to the passage of impulses to allow the cardiac muscle fibers to transmit electrical impulses rapidly

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19
Q

habituation

A

one learns through experience not to respond to a situation if a response has no positive oe negative consequences . learning to ignore stimuli thats not important

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20
Q

fate of lactic acid build up

A

Cori cycle - allows for conversion back into glucose

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21
Q

enzymes of the pancreas

A

chymotrypsin and trypsin . are proteases involved in protein digestion

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22
Q

promoter site

A

site on DNA at which RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription

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23
Q

modern cell theory

A

an org. activity is deepen. on the activity of its independent cells; metabolism and biochem occur w/in cells; hereditary info is stored in cells and shared during division; all cells in org of similar species have similar chem composition

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24
Q

what disease may result from insufficient apoptosis

A

cancerous growth

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25
Q

which diseases are caused by excessive apoptosis

A

nuerodegenerative diseases: Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s disease

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26
Q

Miller- Urey experiment

A

used NH3, H2O, H2 sealed in a sterile arrangement of tubes & flasks w/ connecting loops. 1 flask, .5 filled w/liquid h2o & the other w/ 2 electrode. simulate atmosphere of early earth. 2 weeks. observed organic compounds AA. but no nucleic acids

27
Q

saltatory conduction

A

action potential of neuron jumping along the axon

28
Q

channel proteins allow particles to cross the cell membrane during what non-energy consuming process

A

facilitated diffusion

29
Q

spindle fibers radiating from centroles

A

microtubules

30
Q

muscle composition

A

made of long chains of cytoskeleton of actin (microfilamnet) and myosin (motor protein)

31
Q

used to boost enzymatic activity

A

metal cofactors and ATP

32
Q

what allows bacteria to stick to surface

A

pili

33
Q

clathrin

A

a receptor protein on the surface of a cell

34
Q

found only in gram positive bacteria and keep the cell wall rigid

A

teichoic acids

35
Q

exergonic

A

if energy is released

36
Q

describe a notochord

A

a length of cartilage extending along the body which will become the spine!

37
Q

spinal cord begins as the

A

dorsal neural tube

38
Q

pharyngeal slits develop into

A

gills, in other animals will evolve into pharynx and in urochordates into a filter feeding system

39
Q

produces mucus for filter feeders

A

endostyle (stores iodine , believed to be precursor to thyroid)

40
Q

poikilothermic animal

A

crocodile; a reptile or amphibian thats cold blooded

41
Q

type of muscle movement in the esophagus and intestine responsible for food motility

A

peristalsis

42
Q

reflux

A

term use to describe food moving backwards through the digestive system

43
Q

sphincters

A

regulate the amount and speed at which food passes through the digestive system

44
Q

passive immunity

A

when one org can pass along their antibodies to another organism to prevent infection

45
Q

active immunity

A

when an organism is infect or exposed to virus that causes internal initial of the immune system . immune system makes its own memory cells to be ready for later infection

46
Q

a musclce thats in a sustained state of contraction is said to be in

A

tetanus

47
Q

oligodendrocytes are best associated with

A

white matter of the brain ; they are responsible for laying down the myelin sheath surrounding neurons in CNS

48
Q

main extracellular buffer system in hmans consist of

A

bocarbonate

49
Q

pulmonary artery : pulmonary vein

A

lo [o2] : hi [o2]

50
Q

how do freshwater fish maintain homeostasis

A

since they are hyper osmotic, saltier on inside than their environment. water constantly flow into fish; constantly urinate, rarely drinks, absorbs salt through gills

51
Q

how do marine fish maintain homeostasis

A

hypoosmotic; less salty than its environs. constantly lose water to the environment, constantly drink water, secrete the slats it acquires from drinking.

52
Q

why does cartilage take considerable amount of time to heal

A

lacks direct blood supply

53
Q

in deuterostomes first opening leads to

A

anus

54
Q

in protosomes first opening heads to

A

mouth

55
Q

in mammas, which aids the embryo in gas exchange and disposal of liquid waste

A

allantois

56
Q

in mammals what component of the oocyte is responsible for the binding of sperm

A

zona pellucida

57
Q

in sea urchins what component of the oocyte is responsible for the binding of sperm

A

vitelline

58
Q

Zp3 protein

A

is responsible for some of the adhesion between the egg and sperm, but is more important for helping galactosyltransferase (GaIT) activate the acrosome reaction. Once the egg has undergone the acrosome reaction and fused with the sperm, it can then bind to the uterine wall.

59
Q

cladogram

A

way to determine if organisms are related but not on a molecular or gene level.

60
Q

brackish water

A

mix b/w salt and fresh water

61
Q

Allelopathy

A

type of interference competition, where the establishment of other individuals who would compete for a mutual resource is prevented, in this case using a toxic chemical.

62
Q

Intraspecific competition

A

occurs when competition occurs within the same species; in this case the plant is competing with all the other species of plants in the area.

63
Q

biome is characterized as the largest biome on Earth with long harsh, snowy winters, short rainy and humid summers and with a landscape dominated by conifers

A

taiga

DAT BIO (12 decks)

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