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DAT BIO > 54-94 > Flashcards

54-94 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

how do bacteria reproduce

A

binary fission (bacteria are prokaryotes)

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2
Q

how do bacteria adhere to a membrane

A

surface appendages allied pilli

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3
Q

five major WBC; most numerous and least numerous

A

neutrophils are the most, basophils are the least numerous : (neutrophils, basophils, monocyte, lymphocyte, eosinophil)

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4
Q

blastopore

A

the opening of the archenteron that can develop into a mouth or anus

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5
Q

morula

A

A morula is an embryo at an early stage of embryonic development, consisting of cells in a solid ball contained within the zona pellucida

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6
Q

blastocyst

A

structure in early development of mammals; has inner cell mass which subsequently forms the embryo

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7
Q

corpus lutem

A

yellow, hormone secreting body in the female reproductive system. temp endocrine structure in female mammals

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8
Q

oxygen in ponds and lakes

A

during the summer, the deeper waters are high in nutrients and the upper layers high in O2. in the fall and autumn the oxygenated water will turnover to the bottom and the nutrients will form at the top.

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9
Q

gastrointertestinal hormones that inhibits many functions

A

somatostatin- suppresses the release of gastrin, secretin and cholecystokin

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10
Q

three phases of the menstrual cycle

A

menstrual flow phase, proliferative phase, and secretory phase

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11
Q

when does menstruation begin?

A

with the disintegration of the endometrium ( the inner lining of the uterus)

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12
Q

Why does the endometrium thicken

A

in réponse to the estrogen levels during the proliferative phase and vascularization occurs.

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13
Q

what happens during the secretory phase

A

the endometrium continues to thicken, arteries enlarge, and glands grow in response to progesterone and estrogens.

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14
Q

ecological succession

A

involves an area in wi=hich communities replace each other in a predictable manner.

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15
Q

secondary succession

A

process started by an event (forest fire, hurricane) that reduces the established ecosystem.

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16
Q

primary succession

A

the gradual growth of an ecosystem over time

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17
Q

archegonia

A

structure that contains the female gamete in certain plants such as bryophytes

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18
Q

antheridia

A

where the male gametangia are located and represent the sperm producing structures

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19
Q

archenteron

A

the primitive guy that forms during gastrulation in the developing embryo

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20
Q

what’s the difference between cell-mediated immunity and humoral immunity

A

humoral acts against pathogens such as free viruses and bacteria and based on circulation of antibodies; CMI- works against pathogens that have entered body cells using T-Cells

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21
Q

diapedesis

A

when WBC adhere to and pass through the endothelium of the blood vessels (involves nuetrophils, leukocytes and cytokines)

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22
Q

which biome is below the tundra(located at the N pole)

A

taiga (snow forest) spines and spruces

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23
Q

multiple allele

A

if more than two forms of alleles exist for a gene locus

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24
Q

site of ribosome assembly

A

nucleoulous

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25
Q

lipid synthesis site

A

in the smooth er in eukaryotes

26
Q

molecular complexes of cell adhesion proteins that are especially abundant in the surface later of skin an doter kinds of epithelia that are subjected to mechanical insults

A

desmosomes

27
Q

what will occur from stressing a bone

A

osteoblastic(bone-forming) activity will increase and calcium phosphate is released into the matrix (to strengthen the bone) the mineral hydroxyapetite is produced

28
Q

syndromes caused by nondisjunction

A

Edward syndrome (18); down syndrome (21) Klinefelter syndrome ( sex chromosomes)

29
Q

nonsteroidal hormones are derived from

A

amino acids, h20 soluble (norepinephrine and epinephrine)

30
Q

steroid hormones are derived from

A

cholesterol

31
Q

lumen

A

space inside a tube

32
Q

sphincters

A

rings of muscle in the wall of the esophagus stomach and other specialized regions

33
Q

submucosa

A

connective tissue with blood and lymph vessels along with nerve plexuses

34
Q

what are amylases secreted by

A

pancreas and salivary glands ; the salivary and pancreatic amylase break down carbohydrates

35
Q

mono cots and dicots are included in

A

angiosperms ; flowering plantsand divided into the monocots (narrow elves like grass) or dicots (broad leaves shrubs)

36
Q

undifferentiated cambium develops into

A

pholem and xylem

37
Q

function of xylem

A

transports h2o and mineralsup the stem

38
Q

functionof phloem

A

transports nutrients down the stem

39
Q

non-tracheophytes

A

plants lacking vascular tissue (simple plants)

40
Q

gymnosperms

A

non flowering plants red wood, pine juniper tree

41
Q

thylakoids

A

a series of disks stacked on each other that contain pigments needed for photosynthesis (occurs in the inner membrane of the chloroplast called the stroma)

42
Q

what controls gas exchange

A

stomata

43
Q

meristem

A

found in higher plants and represents undifferentiated cell types

44
Q

nucleoside contents

A

a sugar and base . ex- adenosine

45
Q

nucleotide contents

A

subar, base and phosphate

46
Q

transfers phosphoryl groups

A

kinase

47
Q

phosphatase

A

catalyzes the hydrolytic cleavage of a phosphate exeter bnod

48
Q

lyase

A

catalyzes the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N bonds by elimination

49
Q

hemoglobin

A

allosteric molecule, contains prosthetic group called heme, exists as a tetramer, binds CO with a much greater affinity than O2

50
Q

allosteric

A

contains more than one binding site

51
Q

platelets are derived form

A

megakaryocytes in the red marrow

52
Q

gibberellins

A

stem elongation and flowering in some plants are due to

53
Q

what stimulates fruit ripening

A

ethylene

54
Q

inhibitor of plant growth hormones

A

abscisic acid

55
Q

cytokinins

A

plant hormones involved with promoting cell division

56
Q

gluconeogenesis

A

non carbs such as fats and amino acid are made into clucose in the cytosol

57
Q

where does centriole separation occur

A

prophase

58
Q

anaphase

A

sister chromatid separation

59
Q

telophase

A

nucleus reappers

60
Q

when does cytokinesis occur

A

cytoplase separates, in the late anaphase or early telophase

61
Q

prophase

A

chromatids shorten and thicken , nucleoli disappears, spindle fibers form, centrioles of animal cells move to opposite ends

DAT BIO (12 decks)

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