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DAT BIO > DAT 400-486 > Flashcards

DAT 400-486 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

three types of epithelial tissue

A

cuboidal, columnar, squamous (columnar in this particular problem 400)

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2
Q

enzyme of the pancreas

A

chymotrypsin and trypsin ; are proteases involved in protein digestion

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3
Q

enterokinase

A

converts trypsinogen (a zymogen) into its active form, trypsin

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4
Q

suitable vector for recominant DNA cloning can be

A

plasmids or bacteriophages

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5
Q

plasmid facts

A

extrachromosomal genetic elements found in teast and bacteria; circular and is sometimescalled vector DNA which is DS; some can be apart of the main chromosome and is called an episome; can be trans via viruses

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6
Q

pleiotrophy

A

a single gene somtimes affects many traits in an organism (PKU disease one gene results in: lighter hair color, lower iq, phenylaline in blood)

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7
Q

epistatic gene

A

one that covers ip the expression of another gene in the phenotype

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8
Q

which structure contians the hydrolytic enzymes needed to breakdown the protective surface of an egg cell

A

acrosome

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9
Q

tundra

A

vast, treeless regin that contains moss, lichen, frass and low lying shrubs , little rain , perafrost

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10
Q

exons

A

nucleoside base sequences in the genetic code that are transcribed into m-RNA and will eventually code for protiens

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11
Q

introns

A

TRANSCRIBED ; and they are removed , not translated

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12
Q

why would novocain prevent an action potential from occuring

A

blockage of Na+ voltage gated channels

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13
Q

pattern before during and after an action potential

A

polarization: inside negative with respect to outsie; depolarization: inside now becomes positive; repolarization: inside negative again

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14
Q

TL to primates

A

protobionts >prokaryotes>eukaryots>amphibians?reptiles>primates

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15
Q

operant conditioning

A

an animal learns to associated a voluntary a voluntary actiivity with the consequences taht follow “award or reinforcement”

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16
Q

classical or palovian conditioning

A

we see a physical response toa stimuls from teh enviorment (dog hears bell and recieve food or being to salivate)

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17
Q

oogenesis

A

produces one single egg ad 2 or 3 polar bodoes

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18
Q

spermatogenesis

A

produces 4 mature spermatozoa

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19
Q

organism lacks a notocord during development

A

an earthworm

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20
Q

notochord

A

derived from cell sof mesoderm, cartilaginous rode that extends from teh head to the tail in the embryo of all chordates

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21
Q

plant like protist

A

volvos

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22
Q

paramecium

A

unicelled protozoa

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23
Q

mold

A

fungi that can relase tiny spores into the air

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24
Q

amoeba

A

single celled protist that moves by pseudopodia

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25
Q

dandelion

A

is a producer a flowering plant

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26
Q

arthopod characteristcs

A

cray fish or mini lobster L aquatic crustasean as it gorws it sheds its exoskeleton in a process called molting. bilat symm, open circulatory

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27
Q

true statements about the prostate gland

A

gland secretes a milky fluid with a ph>7, functions to neutralize the acidic seminal fluid, enhances sperm motility, prostatic fluid aids to neutralize the acidic vaginal secretions

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28
Q

ruminants

A

are mammals such as a cow in whcih the stomach has an alkaline pH, stomach that is divided into 4 interconnected sacs, such as sheep cows and deer can digest cellulose

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29
Q

what happens when you inspire

A

lungs inflate, thoracic pressrure decreases as te TC size increases, diaphram moves downward, phrenic nerves carry impulse to the diaphragm and allow contraction

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30
Q

histamine

A

vasodialator contained in basophils and mast cells

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31
Q

macrohpages produce

A

a cytokine called interleukin-1

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32
Q

t helper cells produce

A

a cytokine called interleukin-2

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33
Q

interleukins can activate

A

cutotoxic cells ,b cells and otehr helper t cells

34
Q

helper t cells mobilize

A

both umoral and CM branches of the immune systen

35
Q

rain shadow

A

represents a reductio of rainall o the leeward side of the high mountain.

36
Q

punctuated equilibrium

A

evltion is concentrated in a very rapid events of creating a new species

37
Q

development of indivudals from unferilized eggs

A

parthenogenesis; honey bees, prduce sometimes without fertilization

38
Q

forangia are found

A

spore prudicng and spore containing reproductive structures of ferns, angiosperms, gymnosperms, algae, fungi, bryophytes. new swimming spores are released

39
Q

spoils food

A

rhizopus stolonifer , an obligate parasite

40
Q

evolutionary path to angiospers

A

bryophytes >gymnosperms ?angiosperms

41
Q

shortest and longest stages off cell cycle

A

g1 is the longest, m is the shortest

42
Q

killer t cell

A

involved in destroying cancer cells, directly kill cells having natigen on their surface, develop in thymus gland and do not realease antibodies, use protein perforin to luse their targets

43
Q

specific targer for AIDS virus

A

helper T cells

44
Q

inhibits peristalsis and acid secretion by the stomach

A

enterogastrone, relased in teh duodnem t

45
Q

cholecystoknin causes

A

the cgall bladder to contract, and made in the duodnem

46
Q

secretin signals

A

the pancreas to release bicarbonate (a buffer) which can neutralize the acidic chyme. made in the duodnem

47
Q

whch second messenger will actiate Ca++ channels

A

IP3 is a second messenger tha twill activate CA++ release from the ER.

48
Q

Cyclic AMP and GMP will activate

A

protein kinases

49
Q

NO involved in

A

relaxing smooth muscle

50
Q

involved in the degradation of cyclic AMP

A

phosphodiesterase

51
Q

ATP to cyclic amp is catalyzed by

A

adenylate cyclase and integral membrane protein

52
Q

features that alloe amphibians to succesfully invade land

A

lungs and legs, redesigned heart and the ability to develop a means to prevent drying of the skin

53
Q

ligand gated channels are illustrated in

A

acetylcholine receptors

54
Q

any gene that has the potential to induce cancerous transformations is called a

A

oncogene

55
Q

behavior seen in mose animals

A

courtship

56
Q

appeasement behavior

A

if 2 birds get close but neither bird attacks each other, both display gestures of appeasement. female can fly away but she return several times and the male may even feed her

57
Q

self sacrificial behavior

A

members help other indivuduals survive and reproduce at personal cost

58
Q

agonistic behavior

A

may or may not resultin phsical combat , ex: stands on its legs to make itself look bigger , indivisual showing the higher attack motivation usually wins.

59
Q

in gel electrophoresis the largest fragment will be

A

at the top and the smallest at the bottom!

60
Q

phase contrast microscopy

A

can be used to view live cells , no staining required

61
Q

dark field microscopey

A

views live cells or flagella that are too thin to be seen with phase contract microscopy

62
Q

e- scanning microscopy

A

may be employed to view microbial surfaces, cells are not alive

63
Q

rigo mortis

A

what we see after a few hours of death ; due to lack of ATp the actin and myosin filaments remain in tact until the muscles begin decomposing.

64
Q

tetanus

A

sustained, forceful muscle contraction, which lacks evena partial relaxation

65
Q

tonus

A

condition of skeletal muscle in which a sustaied slight contraction is sustained

66
Q

summation

A

response seen when stimuli are given to muscle at short intervals so taht the muscel does not have time to relax between stimuli

67
Q

metaplasia

A

change from one cell type to another sch as infammation or irritation

68
Q

hyperplasia

A

refer to an incese in cell numbers

69
Q

hypertrophy

A

refers to an increase in the cell size of a tissue or organ

70
Q

atrophy

A

refers to a decrease in cell size

71
Q

aplasia

A

refers to almost complete failure of development

72
Q

what converts glu to fru

A

since htey are isomers need an isomerase,thus, phosphoclucose isomerase

73
Q

syngamy

A

when a sperm and egg inute to produce a zygote during fertilization or syngamy

74
Q

how are dizygotic twins produced

A

2 eggs 2 sperm (fraternal twins)

75
Q

how are monozygotic twins produced

A

from the same zygote

76
Q

name of the process where acetyl CoA serve as the starting compound for the biosynthesis of carbohydrates

A

glycoxylate

77
Q

the male gametophye of an angiosperm is an

A

pollen grain

78
Q

molecule participates in endocytosis by forming a polyhedral latice around coated pits

A

clathrin

79
Q

found in erythrocytes that enable the to resits strong shearing forces

A

spectrin

80
Q

what measures the BP

A

sphygmomanometer

81
Q

manometer

A

measures gas pressures

DAT BIO (12 decks)

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