DCD-LD-ADD

Question 1

What are some components that define what developmental coordination disorder is?

Answer 1

a NON-PROGRESSIVE condition with poorly developed fine or gross motor coordination that affects daily life and school and lasts for the entire lifespan

Question 2

T/F, developmental coordination disorder is due to a known neurologic or medical disorder

Answer 2

false, not due to any neurologic or medical condition

Question 3

What are some of the diagnostic criteria for DCD?

Answer 3

motor coordination less than expected given age and IQ
interferes with academics and/or ADLs
not due to a mental condition and does not meet criteria for autism or “development delay” (normal speech level)
if ID is present, motor difficulties are greater than expected

Question 4

T/F, DCD tends to affect boys more than girls

Answer 4

true, though might be because it easier to be noticed in boys than in girls

Question 5

What are some co-occurring conditions with DCD (strong association with DCD)?

Answer 5

ADHD/ADD
Speech/articulation difficulties
language-based learning disabilities -> reading
sensory processing disorders

Question 6

A child with ADHD/ADD, reading difficulties or sensory processing disorders is ___% likely of also having DCD

Answer 6

50%

Question 7

What are some consequences of a child having DCD?

Answer 7

can lead to poor social skills, isolation, academic or behavioral problems, poor self esteem and efficacy, decreased activity and fitness, obesity

Question 8

What are the neurologic soft signs (15) that can indicate underlying neurologic involvement

Answer 8

1. decreased strength
2. poor coordination
3. jerky movements
4. hypotonia
5. abnormal, asymmetrical reflexes (w/ mild spasticity)
6. abnormal gait
7. poor ability to mirror movement
8. impaired proprioception
9. tremor or choreiform movement
10. exaggerated associated movements
11. joint laxity
12. poor spatial organization
13. poor sequencing
14. poor information processing
15. poor LTM and STM

Question 9

T/F, even though they have poor proprioceptive processing and difficulty with visual-spatial processing, a child w/ DCD will still rely on visual feedback

Answer 9

true, they tend to rely on it and do so longer than other kids-> they keep doing the same thing even though they can see that it is not working

Question 10

t/f, a child w/ DCD has increased levels of mm co-contraction

Answer 10

true, leads to stiff, awkward movements, increased time to move and fatigue

Question 11

t/f, a child w/ DCD is able to transfer learned skills from one activity to another

Answer 11

false, is unable to do so

Question 12

t/f, a child w/ DCD will repeat tasks the same way over and over again, regardless of their sucess

Answer 12

true, will do it the same way as they don’t use feedback from past attempt to prepare for the next

Question 13

A child w/ DCD will have difficulty with skills that require (3):

Answer 13

accuracy
hand-eye coordination
constant monitoring of feedback

Question 14

t/f, a child w/ DCD tends to have good handwriting

Answer 14

false, handwriting tends to be illegible and they tend to hold the pencil awkwardly

Question 15

What tends to be the trickiest thing about navigating stairs for a child with DCD?

Answer 15

having to navigate stairs and maneuver around others on the stairs

Question 16

T/F, a child with DCD will eventually grow out of the disorder

Answer 16

false, they don’t grow out of it and will continue to demonstrate set backs without intervention

Question 17

Which motor standardized test would you use for a young child with DCD?

Answer 17

PDMS-2

Question 18

Which motor standardized test would you use for an older child to DIAGNOSE DCD?
How about to better ASSESS a child with DCD?

Answer 18

BOT-2 to diagnose, MABC-2 to assess

Question 19

What is a good screening tool that can be given to the parent to see if a child likely has DCD?

Answer 19

Developmental coordination disorder questionnaire (DCDQ)

Question 20

What type of approach would you want to use in treating a kid with DCD and what are some things that that would involve?

Answer 20

task-specific approach, would have a specific task that is broken into steps that can be independently linked together (use concrete tasks), and then go back to performing in real-life environments (intervention must be contextually based with intervention occurring in everyday situations)

Question 21

What is the difference between learning disability and intellectual disability?

Answer 21

intellectual disability has low IQ while learning disability only has about a 2 year gap b/w age and performance=> IQ may be above average but academic achievement is below average

Question 22

t/f, learning disabilities are more common in girls than in boys

Answer 22

false, more common in boys

Question 23

What are some characteristics of learning disability (3 main things)?

Answer 23

hyperactivity may or may not be present
decreased attention (distractible or perseveration)
behavioral issues (maladaptive behaviors, emotional liability, impulsiveness)

Question 24

What are the three main types of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorders?

Answer 24

inattentive type, hyperactive-impulsive, combined type

Question 25

Which AD/HD type presents with a child not paying attention to details and making careless mistakes. They tend to be unable to follow or understand directions and avoid tasks that involve effort. They are also very forgetful and distracted and are always losing things.

Answer 25

inattentive type

Question 26

Which type of AD/HD type has a child who will tend to fidget and squirm and get up often when seated. They will run and climb at inappropriate times and tend to talk out of turn and interrupt and talk too much.

Answer 26

hyperactive-impulsive

Question 27

ADHD tends to use ___ medications which are more commonly used and more effective than ___ medications

Answer 27

stimulant, non-stimulant

Question 28

What is a non-pharmaceutical treatment for ADHD?

Answer 28

cognitive behavior therapy- main aim is to help pt change behavior

Question 29

T/F, PT are able to treat ADHD

Answer 29

false, we don’t treat ADHD but we should know what they have difficulty with and adjust our treatment for other impairments accordingly

Question 30

T/F, we can quantify risk for falls in children using standardized testing

Answer 30

false, we do not know how often typical kids fall

Question 31

You have a kid that has done poorly on functional balance and walking tests like the PBS, FGA, DGI, etc. What are the following things you must assess?

Answer 31

strategies-> sensory strategy selection (SOT OR mod-pCTSIB), motor strategy selection (reactive and anticipatory), alignment
impairments-> motor, sensory