DAY 3- MATHEMATICAL TERMS Flashcards
Numbers which allow us to count the objects or ideas in a given collection
Cardinal numbers
Numbers which state the position of the individual objects in a sequence
Ordinal numbers
Used by romans to indicate that a number should be multiplied by 100
Bracket
Roman (multiply by 1000)
Vinculum
Multiply the numbwe by 1000000
Doorframe
Equal to the square root of negative one
Imaginary number
Positive integers that have more that two positive whole number factors
Composite numbers
Integer greater than 1 that is divisible only by 1 itself
Prime number
“Every positive integer greater than 1 is a prime or can be expressed as a unique product of primes and power of primes”
Fundamental theorem of arithmethic
The only even number that is a prime number
2
Set of two consecutive odd primes which differ by two
Twin primes
Symmetric primes are also called______
Euler primes
A prime number that remains a prime when its digits are reversed
Emirp
An integer that is equal to the sum of all its possible divisors except the number itself
Perfect number
Two integers where each is the sum of all the possible divisors of the other
Amicable numbers
Factorial symbol was introduced by
Christian Kramp
The name Celsius and Fahrenheit was named after
Anders Celsius and Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit
Kelvin was named after British physicist
William Thompson
How many Mil are there in one revolution?
6400
If ab=0, then a=0 and b=0, this property is known as
Zero-Factor Property
Radical was first used by ________ in his Die Coss
Christoff Rudolff
It is a radical expressing an irrational number
Surd
Refers to the product of several prime numbers occuring in the denominators, each taken with its greatest multiplicity
Least Common Denominator
Number that two other numbers will divide into evenly
Common multiple
A number that divides into larger number evenly
Factor
Logarithm with base e is called
Natural logarithm or Napierean logarithm
Logarith with base 10
Briggsian logarithm
e
Euler’s number
Father of Algebra
Diophantus of Alexandria
Branch of mathematics that concerns with the selection of objects called elements
Combinatorics
Ordered arrangement of a finite number of elements
Permutation
Arrangement of the selection of objects regardless of the order
Combination
Numberical assessment of likelihood
Probability
Father of the theory of probability
Gerolamo Cardano
He gave emphasis on Plane Geometry
Euclid
Contributed in solid geometry
Archimedes
The problems of this type of geometry can be solved by logical reasoning from an initial core of postulates (axioms)
Euclidean Geometry
Other term for Full angle (equal to 360 degrees)
Perigon
Two angles with a common leg
Adjacent angles
Two angles whose sum is a perigon
Explementary angles
A straight line which divides a geometric figure into two equal figures
Bisector
Also called the centesimal degree (1/400th of the full circle)
Gon
A triangle with sides 3,45 units
Egyptian triangle
Triangle inscribed in a given triangle whose vertices are the feet of the three perpendiculars to the sides from point inside a given triangle
Pedal triangle
Golden ratio
72, 72, 36
segment of a secant bounded by the circle
chord
a lime cutting the circle in two places
Secant
area bounded by two radiu and the included arc
sector
area bounded by a chord and the arc subtending the chord
segment
A solid whose faces are plane polygons
Polyhedron
Law of sines was demonstrated by ________
Ptolemy of Alexandria
Law of Cosines was introduced by ______
Francois Viete
A circle whose center coincides with the center of the spehere
Great Circle
Surfaces of wedges are called _____ or ______
Spherical lunes or digons
Terrestrial sphere refers to the earth as sphere with a radius of ____________
3959 statute miles
Angular distance of the point from the equator
Latitude
One minute of the arc of latitude is approximately __________
one nautical mile or 1852 meters
Angular distance between the prime meridian and the meridian through the point
Longtitude
The term conic was first introduced by _____
Apollonius
Leibnis named integral calculus as
calculus summatorius
F=kx, k is the spring constant
Hooke’s law
An integral in which the integrand is integrated to n times is ______
n-fold iterated integral
Quantities whose measurement is specified by magnitude and direction
Vector
Quantities which have only magnitudes
Scalar quantities
A vesto whose action is not confined to or associated with a unique line in space
Free vector
Propert of the body by virtue of which a resultant force is required to change its motion
Inertie
Product if the force and the time during which it acts
Impulse
Collision of two bodies in which KE as well as momentym is conseved
Elastic collision
Negative ratio of the relative velocity after collision to the relative velocity before collision
Coefficient of restitution
Refers to the study of motion without reference to the forces which causes the motion
Kinematics
The limited amount of resistance to sliding between the surfaces of two bodies in contact
Friction
Motion in a plane or one dimension
Rectilinear translation
Stress beyond which the material will not return to its original shape when the load is removed
Elastic limit
Permanent deformation caused by excessive stress
Pemanent set
Point where there is an appreciable elongation or yielding of the material even without any corresponding increase of load
Yield point
Refers to the highest ordinare in the stress-strain diagram
Ultimate stress
Sometimes known as stress at failure
Rapture strength
Actual stress of the material when loaded
Working stress
Maximum safe stress which the material can carry
Allowable stress
Ratio of the ultimate stress to allowable stress
Factor of safety
Angular change between two perpendicular faces of a differential element
Shearing strain
Refers to the modulus of elasticity in shear
modulus of rigidity
Refers to the twisting of solid or hollow circular shafts
Torsion
