DAY 2- ChE CALCULATIONS

Question 1

Material or energy stream that leaves a downstream process unit and returned to the same process unit or upstream unit

Answer 1

Recycle

Question 2

Material or enery stream bled off from a process to prevent accumulation of inert materials that may buildup in the recycle streams

Answer 2

purge

Question 3

material or energy stream that skips one or more unit of the process and goes directly to a downstream unit

Answer 3

Bypass

Question 4

Type of Reaction where the reactant is consumed by two different reaction pathways to form different products

Answer 4

Parallel or competing reactions

Question 5

Reaction where the reactant forms an intermediate product which reacts further to form another product

Answer 5

Series or consecutice reactions

Question 6

Sequence of chemical reactions between a fuel and an oxidant accompanied by the production of heat (exothermic) and conversion of chemical species

Answer 6

combustion

Question 7

Product gas that leaves a combustion furnace

Answer 7

Stack gas or flue gas

Question 8

Compostion in dry basis

Answer 8

Orsat analysis

Question 9

Used to analyze gas samples for its oxygen, carbononoxide and carbon dioxide content.

Answer 9

Orsat gas analyzer

Question 10

Absorbents used in orsat gas analyzer

Answer 10

Potassium hydroxide (for CO2), alkaline solution of pyrogallol or benzene-1,2,3- triol (for O2) and ammoniaflq cuprous chloride (for CO)

Question 11

mole of exygen necessary for the complete combustion of all the fuel fed to the reactor

Answer 11

theoretical oxygen

Question 12

amount by which the air fed to the reactor exceeds the theo air

Answer 12

excess air

Question 13

Imporanr factor to consider in choosing fuel source

Answer 13

*low cost
moderate ignition temp
low moisture content
clean combustion products
high calorific value
minimal amount or non combustible materials

Question 14

Total heat liberated from the complete combustion of a certain amount of fuel

Answer 14

Calorific/Heating Value

Question 15

1 BTU= 1055 J

1 kcal= ____CHU

Answer 15

2.2

Question 16

Heat relased when the product is liquid water

Answer 16

Gross/higher calorific value

Question 17

Heat released when the product is water vapor

Answer 17

Net/Lower calorific Value

Question 18

Analysis of solid Fuel.

Loss in weight of the dample when heated for 1 hour at 104 C to 110 C

Answer 18

Moisture

Question 19

Analysis of solid fuels

Loss in weight of the dried sample when heated for 7 min at 950 C in a covered crucible

Answer 19

Volatile combustible Matter

Question 20

Weight of the sample after complete combustion or the sample in air at 725 C

Answer 20

Ash

Question 21

Classification of solid fuel that originated from the decay of biomass which is converted to peat by bacterial and chemical action and under the influence of time, pressure and temp

Answer 21

Coal

Question 22

highest rank of coal

Answer 22

anthracite

Question 23

most abundant and widely used rank of coal which is usually black or dark brown in color

Answer 23

bituminous

Question 24

lesser grade of coal with more moisture and less FC than bituminous coal

Answer 24

Sub-bituminous coal

Question 25

lowest grade of coal

Answer 25

lignite or brown coal

Question 26

non agglomerated and non fusible residue from thermal treatment of coal

Answer 26

Coal char

Question 27

solid remains from the carbonization of coal, petroleum residues and other carbonaceous materials

Answer 27

coke

Question 28

residue from the destructive distillation of wood usually containing 10-15% moisture

Answer 28

charcoal

Question 29

Dulong Equation

Answer 29

GCV= 0.338(C) + 1.44(H-O/8)+0.094(S) NCV= GCV-0.212(H)-0.0245(M)-0.0008(O)

Question 30

Usually obtained in elemental form as contaminant of natural gaa and petroleum industry

Answer 30

Free Sulfur or Raw Sulfur

Question 31

Common sulfide minerals

Answer 31

``` Chalcocite Galena Pyrite Chalcopyrite Cinnabar ```

Question 32

occurs in primary evaporite depositional environmenta, as secondary minerals in oxidizing sulfide mineral deposits and as gangue minerals in hydrothermal veins

Answer 32

Sulfate minerals

Question 33

Lowest temp at which a fuel will flow when cooled and a rough indication of the lowest temperature at which liquid fuel can be pumped

Answer 33

Pour point

Question 34

Minimum temp at which fuel will rapidly catch fire when exposed to an open flame located above the liquid

Answer 34

Flash point

Question 35

minimum temp required for the fuel to initiate self sustained combustion in a standard container in atmpsphere air in the absence of a spark or flame

Answer 35

Auto-ignition temp

Question 36

Measures the tendency of the fuel to form soot

Answer 36

Smoke point

Question 37

Type of gaseous fuel that is found compressed in porous rocks and shale formations and composed of mixture of hydrocarbons like methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane, hexane and some traces of sulfur and organic nitrogen

Answer 37

Natural gas

Question 38

consists of ethane, propane and butane

Answer 38

LPG

Question 39

Consists of CO2, H2, about 55% N2 and trace amounts of CO2 obtained by passing small amount of air through a hot bed of coal and peat wood and other biomass

Answer 39

Producer gas

Question 40

Consists of CO and H2, with small amounts of N2 generated similar to a producer gas but blown with steam thereby decreasing the N2 content and doubling the heating value

Answer 40

Water gas

Question 41

Heat released when the fuel initiallt at 25 C reacts completelt wirh oxygen and the products are returned to 25 C

Answer 41

Heating Value