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CHEM ENG REVIEWER (wag kayong ano) > ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY > Flashcards

ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY Flashcards

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1
Q

Type of analysis according to technique

A

Classical
instrumental
combined/coupled

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2
Q

Macro

A

> 100mg and > 100microLitre

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3
Q

Semi micro

A

10-100 mg

50-100 microL

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4
Q

micro

A

1-10 mg

<50 micro L

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5
Q

Ultra micro

A

<1 mg

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6
Q

Types of analysis according to extent

A

proximate
complete
ultimate

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7
Q

Technique used to measure weight of pure analyte or compound of known stoichiometry

A

Gravimetry

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8
Q

Technique used to measure the volume of standard reagent solution reacting with the analyte

A

Titrimetry

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9
Q

Technique used to measure wavelength and intensity of radation emitted or absorbed by the analyte

A

Atomic and molecular spectroscopy

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10
Q

Measures mass of analyte or fragments of it

A

mass spectrometry

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11
Q

measures various physico-chemical properties of separated analytes

A

Chromatography and electrophoresis

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12
Q

Measures electrical properties of the analytenin solution

A

electrochemical analysis

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13
Q

component of interest in the sample

A

analyte

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14
Q

collection of all the components in the sample

A

matrix

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15
Q

set of written instructions on how to apply a method to a particular sample

A

procedure

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16
Q

set of written guidelines for the analysis of a sample specified by an agency

A

protocol

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17
Q

process of collecting a small amount of a material whose composition represents the bulk of the material being sampled

A

sampling

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18
Q

portion of a solution subjected to analysis

A

aliquot

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19
Q

sample that contains all the components of the matrix except the analyte

A

blank

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20
Q

experimental measurement that is proportional to analyte concn

A

signal

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21
Q

Chemicals that do not have established standards for purity levels or for products with <90% purity

A

Technical grade

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22
Q

high purity chemicals for which no established specs exist. They are often solutions or dilutions of ACS Reagent materials

A

Reagent

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23
Q

Chemicals manufactured under current Good Manufacturing Practices. Meets the requirements of the US Parmacopeia

A

USP

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24
Q

Chemicals suitable for laboratory and general use.

A

AR (Analytical Reagent)

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25
Q

Reagents that meets the requirements of the american chemical society committe on analytical reagent

A

AR (ACS) reagent

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26
Q

Chemicals of this grade meets the specs of ACS. These are analytical regents found in most lab

A

ACS

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27
Q

Analytical reagent of exceptional purity that is soecially manufactured for standardizing volumetric solutions and preparing reference standards

A

Primary Standard

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28
Q

Excellent source for primary standards

A

National Institute of Standards and Technology

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29
Q

Chemicals that have been prepared for specific applications

A

Special Purpose

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30
Q

Middle result in a set of data that has been arranged in numerical order

A

Median

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31
Q

Indication of the reproducibility (repeatability) of a measurement. i

A

Precision

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32
Q

Measure of the agreement between an experimental result and an expected or true value

A

Accuracy

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33
Q

This type of error causes data to be more scattered more or less symmetrically around the mean

A

Random or indeterminate error

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34
Q

Error that causes rhe mean of a set of data to differ from the accepted values

A

Systematic or determinate

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35
Q

Errors that are often large and may cause a result to be either high or low

A

Gross errors

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36
Q

Random errors can be minimized by

A

Increasing number of measurements

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37
Q

Signal is a mass of precipitate

A

Precipitation gravimetry

38
Q

Signal is mass of an electrodeposit on the cathode or anode in an electrochemical cell

A

Electrogravimetry

39
Q

Siganl is a loss of volatile species

A

Volatlization Gravimetry

40
Q

Mass of a sample is measured overntime as temp changes

A

Thermogravimetry

41
Q

Occurs when the precipitant is generated in situ by chemical reaction

A

Homogeneous precipitation

42
Q

According to this relation, particle size is inversely proportional to relative supersaturation

A

Von Weimarn ratio

43
Q

To promote particle growth instead of further nucleation, Von weimarn ratio must be

A

kept low

44
Q

Solids formed by precipitation that consist of tiny particles with diamteres of 10^-7 to 10^-4 cm

A

Colliodal suspensions

45
Q

Composed of particles with diameters larger than 10^-4 cm

A

Crystalline suspensions

46
Q

Involves dissolution of small particles and reprecipitation on larger ones resulting in particle growth and better particle characteristic (Ostwald Ripening)

A

Digestion

47
Q

One form of contamination of gravimetric precipitates

A

Coprecipitation

48
Q

Interfering ipn occupies a lattice site in the precipitate

A

Inclusion

49
Q

Impurity is trapped within the precipitate as it forms

A

Occlusion

50
Q

Impurity adsorbs to the surface of a precipitate

A

Surface Adsorption

51
Q

Substances that taste sour, turns blue litmus red and corrodes metals producing H2 gas

A

Acids

52
Q

Taste bitter, turns red litmus blue and have a slippery feel

A

Bases

53
Q

Define an acid as a substance that produces H+ ions and base as a substance that producesbOH- ions

A

Svante Arrhenius

54
Q

Acid- donate H+

Base- accept H+

A

Bronsted Lowry

55
Q

Substances that act as both an acid and base

A

Amphoteric

56
Q

Other amphoteric substances

A

Bicarbonate
Bisulfate
Biphosphate

57
Q

An acid is any species that acts as an electron pair acceptior and a base as an electron pair donor

A

Lewis definition

58
Q

Acids that yield more than one H3O+ ion

A

Polyprotic acids

59
Q

Process where water reacts with itself

A

Auto-ionization

60
Q

At 50C, the ion product constant of water is

A

5.5 x10^-14

61
Q

Combination of a weak acid and its conjugate base ( or weak base and its conjugate acid)

A

buffer

62
Q

During titration of a weak acid or base, maximum buffering capacity is achieved when titration is at

A

half neutralization or half equivalence point

63
Q

Primary standards for standardization of acidic titrants

A

Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3)
Sodium tetraborate
(Na2B4O7•10H2O)
Tris-(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane

64
Q

For standardization of basic titrants

A

Benzoic acid
Potassium hydrogen diiodate
Potassium hydrogen phthalate

65
Q

Measure of the acid neutralizing capacity of a water sample

A

Alkalinity

66
Q

Bromocresol green endpoint

A

ph 4.5

67
Q

Phenolphthalein endpoint

A

8.3

68
Q

Direct titration

A

Warder method

69
Q

Indirect titration

A

Winkler method

70
Q

Ligand that attaches to a metal ion through more than one ligand atom

A

Multidentate or chelating ligand

71
Q

Ability of multidentate ligands to form more stable metal complexes

A

chelate effect

72
Q

Synthetic chelating agents

A

Aminocarboxylic acids

NTA, DCTA, DTPA and EDTA

73
Q

Most widely used chelator

A

EDTA

74
Q

EDTA binding sites

A

4 carboxylate groups, 2 amino acids

75
Q

Form of EDTA that is commonly used

A

Disodium salt

76
Q

Second ligand that is used to prevent the metal ion from precipitating as metal hydroxide that form at high pH

A

Auxiliary complexing agent

77
Q

Widely used complexometric titration using a monodentate ligand

A

Liebig method

78
Q

In this method, silver nitrate is added to a solution of alkali cyanide until the formation of the complex (dicyanoargentate) is complete

A

Liebig method

79
Q

Soft water contains how much CaCO3

A

less than 60 ppm

80
Q

Hard water contains ____ ppm CaCO3

A

270

81
Q

Involve the use of AgNO3 as precipitating agent

A

Argentometric titrations

82
Q

He described a method using ferric alum as indicator in titrations involving AgNO3

A

Jacob Volhard

83
Q

In this method, K2CrO4 is used as an indicator with standard AgNO3

A

Mohr Method

84
Q

In this method, DCF or dichlorofluorescein can be used an indicator

A

Fajans Method

85
Q

Measure value minus true value

A

Absolute error

86
Q

measured-true value divided by true value times 100

A

relative error,%

87
Q

highest value - lowest value

A

range or spread

88
Q

Species that contain one or more electron pair donor groups that tend to form bonds with metal ions

A

ligand

89
Q

Cyclic complex consisting of metal ion and a reagent that contains two or more electron donor groups

A

Chelate

90
Q

molecule that containe four pair of donor electrons located in such positions that they all can bond to a metal ion

A

tetradentatr chelating agent

91
Q

Titrations based on the formation of precipitates with standard solution of silver nitrate

A

Argentometric titration

92
Q

Equilibrium constant for the rxn between a metal ion and a complexing agent

A

conditional formation constant

CHEM ENG REVIEWER (wag kayong ano) (13 decks)

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