Data Quality

Question 1

are numbers, words, or images that have yet to be organized or analyzed to answer a specific question

Answer 1

Data

Question 2

produced thru processing, manipulating, and organizing data to answer questions, adding to the knowledge of the receiver

Answer 2

Information

Question 3

it is the overall utility of a dataset(s) as a function of its ability to be processed easily and analyzed for a database, data warehouse, or data analytics system

Answer 3

Data Quality

Question 4

Aspects of Data Quality

Answer 4

Accessibility
Accuracy
Presentability
Completeness
Consistency
Reliability
Relevance

Question 5

considers the extent to which data is collected using the same process and procedures by everyone doing the collecting and in all locations everytime

Answer 5

Consistency

Question 6

indicates whether the data is free from significant errors and whether the numbers seem to make sense

Answer 6

Accuracy

Question 6

indicates whether there is enough information to draw a conclusion about the data and whether enough individuals responded to it to ensure
representativeness

Answer 6

Completeness

Question 6

refers to the degree to which data are important to users and their needs

Answer 6

Relevance

Question 7

is determined by the degree to which measurements are similar (consistent) on repeated measurements

Answer 7

Reliability

Question 8

degree from which the data is easily understood and well organized

Answer 8

Presentability

Question 9

These (aspects of data quality) are the parameters of data quality to determine whether the data collected are of quality or not

Answer 9

Accessibility

Question 10

is a tool that allows the use of small random samples to distinguish between different groups of data elements with high and low data quality

Answer 10

Lost Quality Assurance Sampling

Question 11

Steps in Applying LQAS

Answer 11

1. Define the service to be assessed (ex: data quality assurance of district HIS)
2. Identify the unit of interest (e. g. supervisory area, facility, hospital, or district)
3. Define the higher and lower thresholds of performance (based on prior information about the expected performance of region of interest)
4. Determine the level of acceptable error
5. Determine the sample size and decision rule for acceptable errors (especially in declaring areas as
   performing below expectations)
6. Identify the number of errors observed
   (mismatched data elements that will reliably determine if the facility is performing above or below expectations)

Question 12

it is a simplified version of the Data Quality Audit tool
which allows programs and projects to verify and 5.
assess the quality of their reported data

Answer 12

Routine Data Quality Assessment

Question 13

goal of Routine Data Quality Assessment

Answer 13

strengthen data management and reporting systems

Question 14

Objectives of RDQA

Answer 14

1. Rapidly verify the quality of reported data for key indicators at selected sites
2. Implement corrective measures with action plans for strengthening data management and reporting system and improving data quality
3. Monitor capacity improvements and performance of data management and reporting system to produce quality data

Question 15

it is a project management tool that illustrates how a
project is expected to progress at a high level

Answer 15

Implementation Plan

Question 16

Development Implementation Plan Steps

Answer 16

1. Define Goals/Objectives
   - you address the question: “what do you want to accomplish?”
   - it should be SMART (specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, time-bound)
2. Schedule Milestones
   - outline deadlines and timelines in the implementation phase
   - ex: gantt chart
3. Allocate Resources
   - determine whether resources are sufficient and decide ways on how to procure the missing resources
4. Designate team members responsibilities create a general team plan with overall goals that each team member will play
5. Define metrics for success
   - how will you determine if you have achieved your goal or not?

Question 17

it analyzes information and identifies incomplete or incorrect data

Answer 17

Data Quality Tool

Question 18

it follows after the complete profiling of data concerns, which could range anywhere from removing abnormalities to merging repeated information

Answer 18

Data Cleansing

Question 19

the decomposition of fields into components parts and formatting the values into consistent layouts based on industry standards and patterns and user-defined business rules

Answer 19

Parsing and Standardization

Question 20

defines these data quality tools as being used to address problems in data quality:

Answer 20

Gartner (2017)

Question 21

the modification of data values to meet domain restrictions, constraints on integrity, or other rules that define data quality as sufficient for the organization

Answer 21

Generalized “Cleansing”

Question 22

the identification and merging related entries within or across datasets

Answer 22

Matching

Question 23

the analysis of data that captures the statistics or metadata to determine the quality of data and identify data quality issues

Answer 23

Profiling

Question 24

the deployment of controls to ensure conformity of data to business rules set by the organization

Answer 24

Monitoring

Question 25

is enhancing the value of the data by using related attributes from external sources such as consumer demographic attributes or geographic descriptors

Answer 25

Enrichment

Question 26

it is a problem solving method that identifies the root case of problems or events instead of simply addressing the obvious symptoms

Answer 26

Root Cause Analysis

Question 27

Root Cause Analysis Techniques

Answer 27

● Five Whys Analysis
● Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA)
● Pareto Analysis
● Fault Tree Analysis
● Current Reality Tree (CRT)
● Fishbone or Ishikawa or Cause-and-Effect Diagrams
● Kepner-Tregoe Technique
● RPR Problem Diagnosis

Question 28

aims to find the various modes of failures within a system. it is used when there is a new product or process or when a problem is reported thru customer feedback

Answer 28

Failure Mode and Effects Analysis

Question 29

uses the Pareto Principle (20% of work produces 80% of result)

Answer 29

Pareto Analysis

Question 30

used when there are multiple potential causes to a problem

Answer 30

Pareto Analysis

Question 31

used in risk and safety analysis

Answer 31

Fault Tree Analysis

Question 32

• uses boolean logic to determine the root causes of
  an undesirable event

Answer 32

Fault Tree Analysis

Question 33

used when the root causes of multiple problems need to be analyzed all at once

Answer 33

Current Reality Tree

Question 34

also called as the “Ishiwaka or cause-and-effect diagram”

Answer 34

Fishbone Diagram

Question 35

• categorizes the causes and sub-causes of a problem
• useful in grouping causes into categories

Answer 35

Fishbone Diagram

Question 36

it breaks a problem down to its root cause by assessing a situation using priorities and orders of concern for specific issues

Answer 36

Kepner-Tregoe Technique

Question 37

Rapid Problem Resolution (RPR) Diagnosis diagnosis problem by

Answer 37

• Discover — data gathering and analysis of the
  findings
• Investigate — creation of diagnostic plan and
  identification of the root cause thru careful
  analysis of the diagnostic data
• Fix — fixing the problem and monitoring to
  confirm and validate that the correct root cause was identified

Question 38

meaning of RPR Diagnosis

Answer 38

Rapid Problem Resolution (RPR) Diagnosis