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Animal Ag > Dairy Cattle > Flashcards

Dairy Cattle Flashcards

1
Q

Top dairy states in US

A 
Cali 
Wisconsin 
NY 
Penn.
Minn.
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2
Q

For farmers, milk is sold by ____

And priced by the _____

A

Volume, hundredweight
1hwt=100lbs of milk
Approx 11 gal in 1hwt

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3
Q

What percent of milk is approximately water

A

90%

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4
Q

Aside from water, what else makes up the composition of milk

A

Butterfat (or milkfat) and protein

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5
Q

Define pasteurization

A

Milk is heated to a temp that kills pathogenic bacteria or disease producing bacteria (usually at bottling plant)

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6
Q

Define homogenization

A

Milk is mixed so fat globules are broken into smaller particles. So Fat (cream) won’t separate from milk

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7
Q

What does “Vitamin D added” mean

A

Natural vitamin d in milk gets broken down by pasteurization. It’s added back bc we need vitamin d to absorb calcium in milk

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8
Q

Since how long ago have we used animal for human food

A

6000-9000BC

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9
Q

1 hundredweight = how many pounds of milk

A

100

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10
Q

Dairy breeds are less ____ than beef breeds

A

Muscular

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11
Q

Does cross breeding occur in dairy cattle, why or why not

A

Very little. Occurs in beef to create genetic improvement. Dairy do not create “hybrid vigor” ( offspring genetically superior to parents) (aka Heterosis)

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12
Q

6 main dairy breeds

A 
Holstein-friesian 
Jersey 
Brown Swiss 
Ayrshire 
Guernsey 
Milking shorthorn
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13
Q 
#1 cow breed in dairy production 
What percent of all cattle this breed makes up
A

Holstein-friesian

90% of all cattle

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14
Q

Origin of Holstein F

A

Friesland Germany

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15
Q

Coloration of Holstein F

A

B&W or red&w

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16
Q

Milkfat avg and lactation period for Holstein F

Milk \year avg

A

3.5% 305 days=lactation

23,000 lbs milk / year avg

17
Q

What breed?
Same as B&W Holstein
Separate breed registry in 1964
Production statistic similar to B&W

A

Red & White Holstein

18
Q

Origin of Jersey cow

A

Isle of Jersey (UK)

19
Q

Coloration of Jersey cattle

A

Shades of brown.
Light cream-almost black range
Possible white markings

20
Q

Avg milkfat of Jersey cow and milk/yr avg.

A

5.5% avg. milkfat

17,000lbs milk/yr avg

21
Q

Origin of Guernsey cattle

A

Isle of Guernsey ab 1,000 yrs ago

22
Q

Coloration of Guernsey cattle

A

Any shade of light brown (aka fawn) w/white markings

23
Q

Milk / yr avg and milkfat avg of Guernsey

A

16000 lbs milk/yr

5% milkfat avg

24
Q

Origin of Ayrshire cattle

A

Scotland during late 18th century

25
Q

Ayrshire coloration

A

May be almost all red, red & white or brown and white

26
Q

Ayrshire milk/yr av

And milkfat av

A

17000 lbs milk/yr

4.0% milkfat av

27
Q

Origin of Brown Swiss cattle

A

Switzerland

28
Q

One of the oldest breeds dating back to 4000 BC

A

Brown Swiss

29
Q

Coloration of Brown Swiss cattle

A

Light-Darkbrown

30
Q

Cattle w significant life spans. Longevity

A

Brown Swiss

31
Q

Brown Swiss milkfat avg and milk/yr avg

A

19000 lbs/ yr

4.0% milkfat avg

32
Q

Milking shorthorn origin

A

England

33
Q

Only dual purpose cattle on list (bred for dairy and beef)

A

Milking shorthorn

34
Q

Color combos of milking shorthorns

A

Red
Red & w
White
Roan (disbursed red and white hairs, mixed together)

35
Q

Milking shorthorn milk/yr avg and milkfat avg

A

15000 lbs /yr

3.5% milkfat

36
Q

Cow breed selection would be based on

A 
Milk production 
Udder conformation 
Feet and legs (ability to get around to eat) 
Body capacity (bigger cow=eat more) 
Reproductive efficiency
37
Q

Purebred/registered vs grade/commercial

A

Purebred- have traceable pedigree, registered in a breed association
Grade- May appear same as registered but don’t come from registered sire or dam

38
Q

What sire and dam mean

A

Sire- bull used for breeding purposes

Dam- female cow chosen to produce

Animal Ag (27 decks)

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