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HL Chem > D5 Antiviral medications > Flashcards

D5 Antiviral medications Flashcards

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1
Q

viruses vs bacteria

A
  1. submicroscopic (electron) // microscopic (light)
  2. only protein and nucleic acid (RNA/DNA) // complex cellular structure
  3. live and repro in living cells // independently of other cells
  4. specific to host cells // non specific?
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2
Q

how do viruses function?

A

take over host cell to carry out repro = releases viral particles when cell dies

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3
Q

why is the bodys immune system inefficient to treat viruses

A

can remain dormant in cells, flaring up at a later time

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4
Q

why is it difficult to treat viruses 2

A
  1. they are structurally basic = little to target
  2. they multiply and mutate rapidly = changing succepibility to drugs
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5
Q

how are viruses treated? ______ treatemnt (________ healthcare)

A

prophylactic treatement
= preventative healthcare

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6
Q

example of prophylactic treatment

A

vaccination – stimulates body to produce specific antibodies to counter viruses

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7
Q

problem with prophylactic treatment

A

due to viral mutations = vaccines only useful for KNOWN strains
- diff vacc each year to counteract new strains

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8
Q

what is influenza caused by

A

sphereical viruses with only RNA

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9
Q

symptoms of influenza

A

chills, headache, sore throat, weakness

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10
Q

names of 2 impt proteins for influenza

A
  1. hemagglutinin (H)
  2. neuraminidase (N)
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11
Q

what is hemagglutinin in influenza viruses

A

a glycoprotein
- enables viral particle to ‘dock’ with host cell

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12
Q

what is neuraminidase in influenza

A

an enzyme
- catalyses cleavage reaction allowing new viral particles to escape from host
- snips off a sialic acid (sugar molecule) on host cell membrane

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13
Q

what is the action of neuraminidase

A

binds to substrate (sialic acid) at active site

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14
Q

how do influenza drugs inhibit

A

inhibitor drugs bind with neuraminidase permenantly
= interfere with life cycle of virus

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15
Q

which protein is a better target for influenza drugs (tho if action of either is affected = viral life cycle affected)

A

neuraminidase (N) is a better target

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16
Q

name 2 types of flu antivirals

A

tamiflu and relenza

17
Q

functional grps tamiflu vs relenza

A

ester // carboxylic acid + hydroxyl (3)

18
Q

drug administration tamiflu vs relenza

A

orally // inhalation

19
Q

resistance to drug tamiflu vs relenza

A

rare strains show resistance // no resistance

20
Q

counter effects tamiflu vs relenza

A

nausea + vomiting // possible asthma

21
Q

what is the full name of AIDS and HIV

A

aquired immune deficiency syndrome

casued by

human immunodeficiency virus

22
Q

HIV is a _____virus = genetic material is __NA

A

retro

R

23
Q

Transmission of AIDS/HIV 3

A

blood
semen
mucus

24
Q

what does AIDs cause

A

failure of immune system
= exposure to life threatening infection/cancer

25
Q

what cell does HIV target

A

CD4’T – a type of wbc

26
Q

4 how does HIV infect the CD4’T cell

A
  1. HIV binds to receptor proteins on cell surface = penetrates
  2. HIV releases RNA = enzyme reverse transcriptase synthesises viral DNA
  3. viral DNA integrates into cell DNA = replicates in daughter cells
  4. infected cell prod HIV, releasing upon death

Bind Rna Enrevtrans Daughter Death
BREDD

27
Q

3 difficulties in solving aids

A
  1. targets cells that defend immune system against viruses
  2. mutates rapidly = body must continuously respond to new variations
  3. often dormant = hard for immune system to act against
28
Q

what drugs are used to treat HIV

A

antiretroviral drugs (ARVs)
- target and interrupt diff stages in HIV life cycles = suppresses infections
- can prevent tranmission mother to child (pregnancy)

29
Q

what do antiretroviral drugs target

A

viral enzyme reverse transcriptase

30
Q

example of ARV inhibitors targeting viral enzyme reverse transcriptase

A

must be tailored to indiv patients, using a combo of inhibitors
- must weigh factors: side effects, potency, transmission prevention, expense
- expensive and must be sustained lifelong

31
Q

hasvaccination been able to provide imunity for HIV yet

A

NO :(

HL Chem (28 decks)

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