D2.3 Water Potential

Question 1

what is the most important factor in how well solutes dissolve

Answer 1

solvent polarity

Question 2

What is solvation

Answer 2

the interaction of a solvent with molecules and ions that dissolve in it

Question 3

what is osmosis

Answer 3

the net movement of water molecules from a less concentrated solution to a region of more concentration across a selectively permeable membrane

Question 4

what is a hypotonic solution

Answer 4

when the external solution is less concentrated than the cell cytoplasm and there is a net inflow of water into the cell

Question 5

what is a hypertonic solution

Answer 5

external solution more concentrated than the cell and there is net outflow of water

Question 6

what is an isotonic solution

Answer 6

external solution has same concentration as the cell cytoplasm and there is no entry of exit of water

Question 7

what is osmotic concentration

Answer 7

the measure of a solute concentration

Question 8

what is standard error

Answer 8

the estimate of the reliability of the mean of a population sample

Question 9

what happens when animal cells are placed in a hypotonic solution

Answer 9

they will swell and break open from the pressure generated due to excessive amounts of water

Question 10

what happens when animal cells are placed in a hypertonic solution

Answer 10

they shrink in size and become crenated which can lead to blood clots

Question 10

what is osmoregulation

Answer 10

the active regulation of the osmotic pressure of an organisms body fluids

Question 10

what happens when plant cells are placed in hypotonic solution

Answer 10

the cytoplasm presses against the cell wall, increasing turgor pressure
the cell becomes turgid

Question 11

how do unicellular organisms live in hypotonic solutions

Answer 11

due to the constant inflow of water, they have a contractile vacoule which works to pump out the excess water

Question 12

what happens when plant cells are placed in a hypertonic solution

Answer 12

the volume of the cell solution decreases and cytoplasm pulls away from the cell wall
the cell becomes flaccid and is said to be plasmolysed

Question 13

what are the features and uses of an Intravenous Drip

Answer 13

IV drip used to treat dehydration and deliver medicine
is isotonic so that cells aren’t damaged

Question 14

how are organs transported

Answer 14

in Isotonic solutions

Question 15

what is water potential

Answer 15

the potential energy of water per unit volume, relative to pure water
denoted by symbol psi and units kPa

Question 16

what does it mean when a solution has a high water potential

Answer 16

the water will have a high potential energy for movement

Question 17

in terms of water movement, what happens when solutions contain a solute

Answer 17

the water forms hydrogen bonds with the solute, restricting the movement of water

Question 18

where is the highest water potential found

Answer 18

in pure water, generally taken to be zero

Question 19

How does pressure affect the movement of water

Answer 19

higher pressure within the cell can result in greate potential energy

Question 20

how can water potential be calculated

Answer 20

solute potential plus pressure potential

Question 21

in terms of water/pressure potential, what happens to a cell placed in a hypotonic solution

Answer 21

water goes in, causing pressure potential to increase
solute concentration decreases
water potential increases

Question 22

in terms of water/pressure potential, what happens to a cell placed in a hypertonic solution

Answer 22

water goes out, pressure potential decreases
solute concentration increases
water potential decreases