B1.2 Proteins Flashcards
How is DNA able to express information
through the production of proteins
how are proteins made
RNA is used to carry genetic information to the cytoplasm where ribosomes create polypeptides
what are proteins made of
amino group and carboxyl group
(NH2) and ( COOH)
what happens when the R-group in a protein has an OH
they are polar
what happens when theres no OH or NH in the R-group
they are non polar
What is the nature of acids
hydrophilic meaning they are polar
what are amino acids grouped into
non essential and essential
what are non essential amino acids
aminos that can be produced within our body and are not immediately needed
what are essential amino acids
need to be consumed because they arent present in our body
what is a dipeptide
two amino acids together
what is the difference between olygopeptide and polypeptide
3-10 amino acids together are olygopeptide
more are polypeptide
what is the primary structure of proteins
the chains of amino acids
the secondary structure of proteins
alpha helical and beta pleated sheets
what is the tertiary structure of proteins
polypeptide chains
what is the quaternary structure of proteins
assembled structures/proteins
what is denaturation
when proteins start to break apart and become undone due to changes in the temperature and pH
what can cause denaturation of proteins
heat can cause vibrations between the molecules, breaking bonds or interactions
how to calculate the number of amino acids
20^n
what bonds exist in primary structures of proteins
peptide linkages
what bonds exist in secondary structures of proteins
hydrogen bonds that form between every 4th amino acid( between oxygen and hydrogen
what are tertiary structures in proteins made of
a combination of beta pleated sheets and alpha helical structures
what do 2 cysteines( seen in S atom) in different R groups form
strong covalent bonds which are called disulfide bonds
what happens when a chain of amino acids is in water
hydrophobic amino acids will stay on the inside while hydrophilic will be on the outside
what are quaternary structures in proteins made of
interactions among separate polypeptide chains
what is a conjugated protein
a protein that functions with other chemical groups that arent polypeptides
what is a prosthetic group in proteins
the non protein part of a conjugated protein
what are chaperone proteins
proteins that aid in the folding of other proteins
what are the two types of proteins and what do they depend on
there is globular and fibrous
depend on the way proteins are foled
what are fibrous proteins
elongated polypeptides that lack the folding of typical tertiary structure
what is the structure of fibrous proteins
R group of every third amino acid faces inwards in the triple helix
held together by hydrogen bonds
what are globular proteins
rounded shape, formed by folding of polypeptides
how are globular proteins stabilised
bonds between the R groups
features of fibrous proteins
usually insoluble
structured
long and narrow
repetitive amino acid sequence
doesn’t form tertiary
features of globular proteins
spherical shape
usually highly soluble
stabilised with covalent bonds
meant for functions
( enzymes and hormones)
