D21 Tissues Flashcards
What is a tissue
A group of cells working together with a common structure and function
What are 3 types of mamalian tissue
- Epithelial
- Muscular
- Connective
What are the three types of epithelial tissue?
- Cuboidal
- Columnar
- Squamous
What is the structure of cuboidal epithelium?
- Cube like cells
- Which have a nucleus
- and sit on a basement membrane made of collagen and protein
- They have no blood vessels but may have nerve endings
- Their shape varies depending upon the need
What is the function of cuboidal epithelium
- Cuboidal epithelium typically has a protective or secretory function
What is the location of cuboidal epithelium
Can be found in the proximal convulted tubule of the kidney or the ducts of salivary glands
What is the structure of columnar epthelium
Columnar epithelium have elongated cells with cilli
Which have a nucleus at the bottom of the cell
Where it sits on a collagen and protein basement membrane
What is the function of coumnar epithelial cells?
Primarily secretory in function however if cilli present it can also waft mucous up the trachea for example.
What is the location of columnar epithelium
- Non ciliated columnar epithelium lines the digestive tract
- Ciliated columnar epithelium lines the trachea
What is the structure of squamous epithelium
- A single layer of flattened, cells on a basement membrane (Simple squamous epithelium)
- Or multiple layers of flattened cells on a basement membrane (Stratified squamous epithelium)
What is the location of squamous epithelium
- Simple squamous epithelium lines the bowmans capsule and alveoli
- Stratified squamous epithelium lines the nasal cavity (Where the body is potentially exposed to more agressive external environmental factors.)
What is the function of squamous epithelium
- Osmosis, diffusion
- Protection
What is the 3 types of muscle tissue
- Skeletal
- Smooth
- Cardiac
What is the structure of skeletal muscle
- Skeletal muscle is attached to bones
- It is long cells, or fibres, which can contract powerfully
- They are typically striped so are called striped or striated muscle
- You can choose whether to contract these muscles or not and therefore they are called voluntary muscles
What is the function of skeletal muscle
Movement
What is the location of skeletal muscle
Throughout the body e.g. Legs and Arms
What is the structure of smooth muscle
- Spindle shaped cells which can contract rythmically, but less powerfully than skeletal muscle
- Involuntary as you cannot control
- No stripes so Unstriated
What is the location of smooth muscle
- Walls of blood vessels
- In the digestive tract
- In the respiratory tract
What is the function of smooth muscle
- It pushes food through the digestive tract
What is the structure of cardiac muscle
- In some ways a hybrid of skeletal and smooth muscle
- The muscle has stripes but lack the long fibres of skeletal muscle
What is the function of cardiac muscle
- To pump blood around the body under the control of the autonomic nervous system
What is the structure of connective tissue
- Elastic collagen fibres in an extracellular fluid or matrix
- Between these fibres are fat storing cells (adipocytes) and cells of the immune system
What is the function of connective tissue
- Connects, seperates and supports tissues and organs throughout the body
What is the location of connective tissue
- Can be found throughout the body.
