D19 How organelles work together - tip protein synthesis

Question 1

How are organelles interellated

(Protein Synthesis mainly)

Answer 1

The functions of organelles are often related.

1. The nucleus contains chromosones in which the DNA encodes proteins
2. Nuclear pores in the nuclear envelope allow mRNA molecules, transcribed off the DNA to leave the nucleus and attach to ribosomes in the cytoplasm of on the rough ER
3. Ribosomes contain rRNA transcribed from DNA located at the nucleoulus
4. Protein synthesis occurs on ribosomes producing proteins in their primary structure
5. Polypeptides made on the ribosomes are moved through the ER and are packaged into vesicles
6. The vesicles bud off the RER and carry the polypeptides to the golgi body where they are modified and folded.
7. The Golgi body prodyces vesicles containing newly synthesised proteins.
8. These maybe lysosomes, containing digestive enzymes used within the cell
9. They may be secretory vesicles which carry the proteins to the cell membrane for exocytosis
10. Phospholipids and triglycerides move through the soft ER to various destination in the cell

Question 2

simple answer

Answer 2

nucleus nuclear pore RER vesicle Golgi body secretory vesicle cell membrane