D2 Prokaryote, Eukaryote Flashcards
In simple terms what is the difference between a prokaryotic cell than a eukayotic cell
A prokaryotic cell is typically smaller and simpler than a Eukaryotic cell
What is the name of an organism made up exclusively of prokaryotic cells?
Prokaryote
e.g. Bacteria or blue algae
What is the name of an organism made up of eukaryotic cells
Eukaryote
e.g. Plant, animal, fungi, protoctists (PRO TOC TISTS)
What type of organisms are prokaryotes?
Bacteria and blue-green algae
What does the word prokaryote mean?
Before the neucleus
Describe the DNA in a prokaryotic cell
A bacterial cell which has:
- A single chromosome
- Containing DNA,
- Which is NOT surrounded by a nuclear envelope or protiens
It is called a Nucleoid
- Nu cleoid
What is the name given to the other small rings of DNA found in prokaryotic bacterial cell?
Plasmids
Can plasmids replicate themselves independently of the main chromosome?
YES
What substance strengthens the cell wall of a prokaryotic bacterial cell?
Murein
Mu rein
What are the 8 features of a bacterial cell that you could be asked to draw?
- Cell surface membrane
- Nucleoid - Nu cle oid
- Cytoplasm - Cy to plasm
- Ribosome - Ri bo some
- Capsule - Cap sule
- Cell wall
- Mesosomes - Meso somes
- Flagellum
Where might respiration occur in a prokaryotic bacterial cell?
- Mesosomes (MESO SOMES)
- Respiration occurs in Mesosomes which are an inner extension of the prokarotic cell wall
What is the process by which prokaryotic bacterial cells feed?
Extra cellular digestion
How does extracellular digestion occur in a prokaryotic bacterial cell?
The prokaryotic bacterial cells, release enzymes onto their food and absorb the digested products.
In which structure within prokaryotic bacterial cell, are enzymes used in extra cellular digestion made?
Ribosomes
Ri bo somes
What is the name of the hair like strucutures found on the outside of a prokaryotic bacterial cell
Flagella
What is the function of flagella
They help the cell to propel itself along. (Movement)
Good to know
Eukaryotic cells probably evolved from pro karyotic cells some 1 billion years ago
What does the word eukaryotic mean
True neucleus
What does the words true neucleus mean
The DNA in these eurkaryotic cells is held within a nuclear envelope
What is an organelle
An organelle is one of several structures with specialized functions, suspended in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell.
Name two organelles found in a eurkaryotic cell
- Mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
What metabolic process occur in mitochondria
- Aerobic Respiration
What metabolic processes occur in chloroplasts
- Photosynthesis
- Photo syn thesis
Size, features present vs absent, DNA, ribosomes, reproduction
What are differences between a Prokaryotic cell and a Eukaryotic cell?
Tip if it asks you the difference between x and y, you start you sentence with x then y when you compare
If the questions asks you the difference between y and X you start your sentence with y and X
- PKs are small (1-10μM), simple cells e.g. bacteria…whereas…. ECs are larger (10-100μM) and more complex cells found in Plants, animals, fungi and some Protoctists (PRO TOC TISTS)
- PKs have NO… nucleus, membrane bound organelles e.g. Mitochondria, Golgi Body or Lysosomes (LY SO SOMES) however….ECs do
- The DNA in PKs is circular and not associated with proteins - plasmids can be present. In contrast…. the DNA in ECs is linear and associated with histone proteins. There are no plasmids.
- The ribosomes in PKs are smaller (70s) than ECs which are (80s)
- In PKs cells divide via binary fission and in ECs they divide by Mitosis. (MI TO SIS)
- In PKs there is no sexual reproduction however in ECs they reproduce via meiosis ( MEI O SIS)
What are the similarities between a prokaryotic cell and a Eukaryotic cell
- Both PKs and ECs have …
- A cell membrane
- Cytoplasm,
- DNA,
- Ribosomes - albeit of a different size,
- RNA
- Vesicles,
- Vacuoles,
- Some unicellular ECs also have flagella which are commonly found on PKs
