Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bmsc 207 > CV VIII > Flashcards

CV VIII Flashcards

1
Q

Where are peripheral chemoreceptors located

A

Aortic arch and carotid artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do peripheral chemoreceptors do to influence CV function

A

Sense alterations in blood-gas concentrations (O2, CO2), and changes in blood pH
Send info back to CVCC which results in change in autonomic output to return blood gas levels to normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does peripheral chemoreceptor activation change

A

Ventilation within the respiratory system
Bring in more O2 of get rid of CO2
Changes CO to transport O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is vasovagal syncope

A

Fainting in response to sudden emotional distress, sight of blood, phlebotomy (needle insertion), acute pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What alters CV function in response to emotional distress

A

Hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does vasovagal syncope result in

A

Large increase in parasympathetic output (decrease CO)
Decrease sympathetic (decrease in peripheral resistance, fall in BP fails to activate baroreceptor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why do you faint in vasovagal syncope

A

Decreased CO and decrease peripheral resistance cause fall in MAP
Parasympathetic decrease in HR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is bulk flow

A

Mass movement of fluid and any dissolved solutes as result of hydrostatic or osmotic pressure gradients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Absorption

A

If bulk flow is resulting in fluid moving into capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Filtration

A

If bulk flow is resulting in movement of fluid out of the capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What caused filtration

A

Hydrostatic pressure (PH)
Pressure of in blood vessels drives fluid out through pores and cell junctions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What causes absorption

A

Colloid osmotic pressure or on oncotic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is colloid osmotic pressure or oncotic pressure

A

Pressure that draws fluid in created by plasma proteins in blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When is absorption zero

A

Oncotic/colloid osmotic pressure in capillary exceeds interstitial space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When is filtration zero

A

When hydrostatic pressure in vessels decreases as blood travels through the capillaries due to resistance encountered and exceeds interstitial hydrostatic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What causes net filtration

A

At arterial end hydrostatic pressure exceeds colloid osmotic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What cause absorption

A

At venous end colloid osmotic pressure exceeds hydrostatic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Net filtration from the entire capillary network results in

A

Loss of 3L fluid/day from blood
Net pressure= hydrostatic pressure - colloid osmotic pressure

19
Q

What do lymphatic vessels assist with

A

Assist CV system with returning fluid and proteins lost through capillaries (so we don’t lose 3L/day)

20
Q

Where are lymphatic vessels

A

Associate with most capillaries through body

21
Q

What do lymphatic nodes contain

A

Immune cells

22
Q

What are lymphatic vessels composed of

A

Single endothelial layer
Large interendothelial junctions that act as one-way valves

23
Q

What causes lymphatic micro valves to open in initial lymphatic segment

A

Interstitial hydrostatic pressure is higher than inside the lymphatic

24
Q

What causes lymphatic micro valves to close and secondary valves to open

A

As fills with fluid, lymphatic hydrostatic pressure exceeds interstitial

25
Q

What does the smooth muscle of lymphatics do

A

Contracts to propel fluid one and assists one way valves in preventing back flow

26
Q

Edema

A

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial space

27
Q

What are 2 causes of edema

A
  1. Inadequate lymph drainage (obstructions within lymph nodes)
  2. Disruption in normal balance between capillary filtration and absorption (filtration>absorption)
28
Q

Velocity of blood=

A

Flow rate/c.s. Area

29
Q

Why does velocity decrease as it flow down branching vessels

A

With each branch the two new branches always have higher x-sec area then the parent vessel (together, individually smaller)

30
Q

What does the rate of blood flow affect

A

Efficiency of exchange between blood and interstitial fluid

31
Q

What does slow velocity of blood flow in capillaries ensure

A

Adequate gas and nutrient exchange

32
Q

Cv disease

A

Disorders of heart and blood vessels
Play role in 1/3 of deaths in US

33
Q

How much of US will have CV disease by 2030

A

40%

34
Q

What are uncontrolled risk factors of CV disease

A

Age, sex, family history of early CVD, genetics

35
Q

Controlled risk factors of CVD

A

Cigarette smoking, obesity, sedentary lifestyle and untreated hypertension

36
Q

What are combination of both uncontrollable and controlled risk factors

A

Diabetes, hyperlipedimia

37
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Inflammatory process leading to hardening or narrowing of arteries

38
Q

What is contributing factor to atherosclerosis

A

Elevated blood cholesterol
Chol not readily soluble in aqueous solutions, joins lipoproteins

39
Q

Two types of lipoproteins

A

High density lipoproteins - cholesterol complexes (HDL-C) healthy
Low density lipoproteins - cholesterol complexes (LDL-C) bad cholesterol

40
Q

What are LDL-C necessary fo

A

Transport in cells, LDL-C’s proteins are digested to amino acids and freed chol used to make cell membrane and steroid hormones
But excess is brought to tissues

41
Q

What is first stage of atherosclerosis

A
  • Excess LDL brought chol + other lipids to tissues in high pressure vessels
  • taken up by endothelial cells in connective tissue layer
  • macrophages form and ingest chol and turn to foam cells
42
Q

Fatty streak of atherosclerosis

A

Macrophages cause smooth muscle cells to proliferate
- narrows lumen

43
Q

Stable fibrous plaque stage of atherosclerosis

A

Stable bubble in wall of artery
- fibrous connective tissue formed around
- Calcification, hardens wall

44
Q

What is vulnerable plaque stage

A
  • breakdown of tissue
  • clot forms where endothelial layer ruptured
  • creates blockage

Bmsc 207 (35 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions