Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bmsc 207 > CV IV > Flashcards

CV IV Flashcards

1
Q

Late diastole

A

Starts with atria relaxed and fills from veins
Both sets of chambers are relaxed and ventricles fill passively
Pressure in atria starts to exceed ventricle
AV valves open Passive filling 80%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Atrial systole

A

Atrial contraction forces small amount of additional blood
20% of ventricular filling due to atrial contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Lub

A

First heart sounds
Shutting of AV valves as ventricular blood tries to go back to atria
Sound is vibrations of wall as blood hits valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Isovolumetric ventricular contraction

A

No change in volume
Pushes AV valves closed but doesn’t create enough pressure to open semilunar valves
Both valves closed and pressure builds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ventricular ejection

A

Ventricle pressure rises exceeds pressure in arteries (aorta or pulmonary), semilunar valves open

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Dub

A

Second heart sound
Closure of semilunar valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation

A

Pressure in ventricles falls,blood flows back into cusps of semilunar valves and snaps them closed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the pressure volume loop

A

Another way to look at cardiac cycle of systemic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

ESV

A

Blood left in ventricle after ventricular contraction, minimum amount
Safety reservoir
~65ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

EDV

A

Amount of blood in ventricle at end of diastole, after ventricular filling
Max volume
~135ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A-A’

A

Late diastole
- starts at ESV
Big change volume because ventricle relaxing, no change in pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A’-B segment

A

Atrial systole
Slight increase in volume and blood
End diastolic volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

B-C segment

A

Isovolumetric contraction
Large increase in pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

C-D segment

A

Ventricular ejection
- pressure rises
- pressure drops as ventricles relax but blood still flows

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

C-D segment is

A

Stroke volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

D-A segment

A

Isovolumetric relaxation
- pressure drops, no volume change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pressure volume loop for RV

A

Short low pressure circuit
- ejects same amount of blood as systemic
- overall stroke volume same
- needs less pressure
- lower resistance (short, large diameter)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Wiggers diagram

A

Diagram has left ventricular volume, left and aortic pressures, ECG

19
Q

D

A

Late diastole

20
Q

C

A

Start of isovolumetric contraction

21
Q

E

A

End diastolic pressure

22
Q

A

A

Ventricle exceeds pressure in aorta

23
Q

E to F

A

Ventricular ejection

24
Q

B

A

Pressure in aorta starts to exceed ventricle, semilunar shuts

25
Q

Stroke volume

A

Amount of blood ejected during a single ventricular contraction ~70ml

26
Q

What is SV equation

A

EDV-ESV

27
Q

What is ESV for

A

Provides safety margin, more forceful contraction will cause larger stroke

28
Q

What is stroke volume modulated by

A

ANS, venous return, certain drugs

29
Q

Ejection fraction

A

Percentage of EDV that is ejected from heart

30
Q

Ejection fraction equation

A

SV/EDV

31
Q

Cardiac output

A

Heart rate x stroke volume
Flow of blood delivered from one ventricle in a given time period (usually a minute)
Measure of cardiac performance

32
Q

What happens when cardiac outputs of the pulmonary and systemic circuit are not identical

A

Blood pools in circuit feeding the weaker side

33
Q

How much does CO rise during exercise

A

30-35L/min

34
Q

Steve has EDV of 150ml, an ESV of 30ml and HR of 90bpm. What’s Steve’s CO

A

SV X HR
(EDV -ESV) X HR
(150 ml/b - 30ml/b) x 90 b/m
=10800 ml/min
10.8 L/min

35
Q

How is cardiac output modified

A
  1. By adjusting HR
    By parasympathetic or sympathetic
  2. Adjusting stroke volume
36
Q

What is SV directly related to

A

To force generated by cardiac muscle during contraction
As force of contraction increases, SV increases

37
Q

What are 2 factors that determine amount of force generated by cardiac muscle

A
  1. Contractility of heart
  2. Length of muscle fibres at beginning of contraction
38
Q

What is contractility of heart

A

Intrinsic ability of cardiac muscle to contract at any given fibre length and is function of Ca entering and interacting with contractile filaments

39
Q

What is length of muscle fibres determined by

A

Volume of blood in ventricle at beginning of contraction (EDV)

40
Q

What is contractility controlled by

A

Nervous and endocrine systems

41
Q

Inotropic agent

A

Any chemical that affects contractility

42
Q

Inotropic effect

A

Influence of Inotropic agent

43
Q

Positive inotropic effect
Negative inotropic effect

A

Chemicals increasing contractility
Chemicals decreasing contractility

44
Q

What causes positive inotropic effect

A

Norepinephrine, epinephrine
Sympathetic modulation

Bmsc 207 (35 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions