CV Herbs Flashcards
Rauwolfia serpentina
1.) Actions & Indications
(Snake root) containing indole alkaloids (Reserpine)
- ) Actions & Indications
i. ) Strong Hypotensive
a. ) HTN, Pre-eclampsia
ii. ) Antiarrhythmic
iii. ) Antipsychotic (depletes catecholamine stores)
iv. ) Vasodilation (Raynaud’s)
Rauwolfia serpentina
2a.) Contraindications
2a. ) Contraindications
i. ) Depression (b/c it depletes 5-HT)
ii. ) Parkinson’s (bc/ it depletes Dopamine)
iii. ) Hyperprolactinemia (b/c low dopamine levels sends a positive feedback mechanism to increase prolactin)
iv. ) Ulcerative colitis
v. ) Pregnancy
Rauwolfia serpentina
2b. ) Interactions
i. ) MAOI, TCAs, SSRI - Rauwolfia counteracts these medications
ii. ) Cardiac Glycosides (Increases the risk of bradycardia, angina, arrhythmias)
2b. ) Interactions
i. ) MAOI, TCAs, SSRI - Rauwolfia counteracts these medications
ii. ) Cardiac Glycosides (Increases the risk of bradycardia, angina, arrhythmias)
Rauwolfia serpentina
SE & Tox
SE
i. ) Nasal Congestion
ii. ) Transient Loose Stool
iii. ) Sodium retention resulting in edema
TOX
i. ) Nightmares
ii. ) Peptic ulcers & Hyperchlorhydria
iii. ) Bradycardia
iv. ) Depression & Parkinsonism
Olea europea
1.) Actions & Indications
i. ) Hypotensive
ii. ) Antiviral
iii. ) Antioxidant
iv. ) Bitter Digestive Stimulant
Viscum flavescens (American Mistletoe)
- ) Actions & Indications
i. ) Smooth muscle stimulant
a. ) to increase blood pressure
b. ) Increase intestinal contractions
ii. ) Abortifacient
Viscum flavescens (CI)
C: pregnancy/lactation
Viscum flavescens (SE)
i. ) Nausea
ii. ) Hypertension
iii. ) Hypovolemic shock
iv. ) Cardiovascular collapse (bradycardia, hypotension)
Digitalis purpurea
(Foxglove)
1.) Actions & Indications
i. ) Cardiac Glycoside (Positive Inotrope, Negative Chronotrope)
a. ) CHF, arrhythmias (but not ventricular arrhythmias)
ii. ) Vasoconstriction
Digitalis purpurea
(Foxglove)
CI
i. ) Ventricular arrhythmias
ii. ) Hypokalemia, Hypomagnesemia, Hypo/hypercalcemia
iii. ) Kidney failure
iv. ) Pregnancy/Lactation
Digitalis purpurea
Interactions
i. ) Potassium-depleting agents may potentiate toxicity
a. ) Corticosteroids
b. ) Diuretics
c. ) Glycyrrhiza glabra, Equisetum
d. ) Other cardiac glycosides (Digoxin)
Digitalis purpurea
SE & Tox
3a. ) Side Effects
i. ) Yellow/Green halo in vision
ii. ) Bradycardia (negative chronotrope)
iii. ) Gynecomastia
3b. )Toxicity
i. ) Narrow therapeutic window
ii. ) Recirculates in enterohepatic cycle
iii. ) Toxicity may be lethal (Antidote = Potassium & digoxin antibodies)
Ephedra sinica
1.) Actions & Indications
Ephedra sinica
(Ma Huang) contains ephedrine (alkaloid)
1.) Actions & Indications
i.) Alpha Adrenergic Agonist
a.) Secretolytic
b.) Vasoconstrictor
c.) Urinary incontinence
ii.) Mild Beta-Adrenergic Agonist
a.) Bronchodilator (sinusitis, asthma, COPD)
b.) Antitussive
iii.) Mast cell stabilizer (Allergic rhinitis)
iv.) Hypertensive
v.) Thermogenic
a.) Previously used for weight loss
vi.) Circulatory stimulantEphedra sinica (CI)
i. ) HTN, CAD
ii. ) BPH, Glaucoma (r/t anticholinergic-type effect)
iii. ) Pregnancy/Lactation
iv. ) High Doses
Ephedra sinica (SE)
i. ) Increased Alertness, Nervousness, Insomnia
ii. ) Nausea, Vomiting
iii. ) Diaphoresis
iv. ) Urinary retention
v. ) Tachycardia, Palpitations
vi. ) Seizures
Allium cepa & sativum
1.) Actions & Indications
a. ) Antiatherosclerotic
b. ) Antiplatelet
c. ) Hypolipidemic
d. ) Hypoglycemic
e. ) Antihelminthic (Garlic only)
f. ) Antimicrobial (h.pylori, candidiasis)
Allium cepa & sativum (CI)
i. ) Bleeding Disorders & Anticoagulant Agents
ii. ) Hypothyroidism (b/c it inhibits the uptake of iodine)
Allium cepa & sativum (SE)
Bleeding
Vinca major/minor
1.) Actions & Indications
i. ) Circulatory Stimulant
a. ) Poor Memory
ii. ) Hypotensive
iii. ) Astringent
a. ) Hematuria, epistaxis
b. ) metrorrhagia
Vinca major/minor
2.) Contraindications & Interactions
C: Pregnancy, constipation (b/c its astringent), hypotension
Rosmarinus officinalis
1.) Actions & Indications
i. ) Hypertensive
ii. ) Circulatory stimulant
iii. ) Nootropic (Memory booster)
iv. ) Liver tonic (Induces phase 1&2 enzymes)
v. ) Topical Rubefacient
Rosmarinus officinalis (CI and Interactions)
2.) Contraindications & Interactions
C: Pregnancy
I: may lead to hypertensive crisis if used with another hypertensive agent
Centella asiatica
1.) Actions & Indications
i. ) Venotonic (Hemorrhoids, Varicose Veins, Venous insufficiency)
ii. ) Vulnerary & Keratolytic (Scar inhibiting)
iii. ) Nootropic (memory booster)
Selenicereus (Cactus) grandiflorus
1.) Actions & Indications
i.) Antiarrhythmic
Selenicereus (Cactus) grandiflorus (CI) and Tox
2.) Contraindications & Interactions
C: Pregnancy, Lactation, High dose
- ) Toxicity
i. ) Arrhythmia
ii. ) Tachycardia
Convallaria majalis
1.) Actions & Indications
i. ) Positive Inotrope & Negative Chronotrope (Cardiac glycoside) -> milder than Digitalis
ii. ) Diuretic
iii. ) Vasoconstrictor (Hypotension)
Convallaria
2a.) Contraindications
i. ) Hypokalemia, Hypomagnesemia, Hypo/Hypercalcemia
ii. ) Ventricular arrhythmia
iii. ) Kidney Failure
iv. ) Severe carditis
v. ) Pregnancy/Lactation
vi. ) Potassium-depleting medications
a. ) Digoxin, Digitalis
b. ) Corticosteroids
c. ) Thiazides
d. ) Glycyrrhiza glabra
e. ) Stimulant laxatives
Convallaria
2b.) Interactions
i. ) Calcium potentiates arrhythmias
ii. ) Diuretic effect may reduce the clearance of Lithium & lead to toxicity potentiation
Convallaria
3a.) Side Effects
i. ) Yellow/Green Halo in vision
ii. ) Bradycardia
iii. ) Gynecomastia
Crataegus oxyacantha
1.) Actions & Indications
i. ) Positive Inotrope & Negative Chronotrope (not from cardiac glycosides)
a. ) CHF, Angina, Arrhythmia
ii. ) Antihypertensive & Antiatherosclerotic
a. ) Capillary fragility, HTN
iii. ) Antioxidant
Leonurus cardiaca
1.) Actions & Indications
- ) Contraindications
i. ) Digestive Stimulant Contraindications
(motherwort) contains iridoid glycosides
1. ) Actions & Indications
i. ) Antiarrhythmic
ii. ) Nervine
iii. ) Uterine Tonic
a. ) Menopausal symptoms
b. ) Uterine Fibroids
c. ) Endometriosis
iv. ) Bitter Digestive Stimulant
Leonurus cardiaca
2.) Contraindications
i.) Digestive Stimulant Contraindications
Veratrum alba (viride) 1.) Actions & Indications
- ) Actions & Indications
i. ) Antihypertensive
Veratrum
2.) Contraindications & Interactions
C: Pregnancy/Lactation
Veratrum
3.) Side Effects & Toxicity
Cardio/Neurotoxic)
No longer used to due to extreme toxicity. Very narrow therapeutic window!
i.) Hypotension then Hypertension
ii.) Bradycardia then Tachycardia
iii.) Neuropathy
iv.) Mydriasis & Blurry Vision
v.) Weakness
