CS. Diabetes Flashcards
What is diabetes?
Complex metabolic disorder characterised by persistent hyperglycaemia [in association with other CV risk factors]
What does glucose attach to hen absorbed across the gut wall?
Hb [HbA1C]
What is the diagnostic criteria for diabetes?
FBG: >7.0 mmol/L
OGTT: >11.1 mmol/L
How long do erythrocytes last before being renewed?
8-12 weeks
What is the relationship between amount of glucose and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c)?
Directly proportional
Normal BG levels
60-110 mg/dL
Typical symptoms of hyperglycaemia
Polyuria
Polydipsia
Unexplained weight loss
Typical plasma values of hyperglycaemia
Random venous plasma glucose ±11.1 mmol/L
Fasting PG ±7.0 mmol/L
2 hour PG ±11.1 mmol/L
How is hyperglycaemia diagnosed when individual is asymptomatic?
Minimum of 2 lab PG tests on different days, within diabetic range
Where is insulin secreted from?
b-cells of pancreatic islet
Give 3 more actions of insulin other than controlling blood sugar
Lipid metabolism
Cell Growth
Protein synthesis
What does excess glucose lead to in terms of osmosis?
Osmotic diuresis
What type of molecule is insulin?
Peptide hormone
Explain the mechanism of action of Insulin
Binds to transmembrane insulin receptor
Increases GLUT-4 surface expression - ensure directly proportional glucose flow into cells
Insulin signal transduction cascade also results in: Hexokinase activation and Glycolysis
IDDM
Type 1
Immune mediated or idopathic
