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Nutrition and Energy > 8. TCA, ETC and Oxidative Phosphorylation > Flashcards

8. TCA, ETC and Oxidative Phosphorylation Flashcards

1
Q

Is catabolism endergonic or exergonic?

A

Exergonic

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2
Q

Summarise oxidation in terms of energy transfer

A

Loss of electrons, decrease in potential energy

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3
Q

What are NAD and FAD abbreviated for?

A

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide

Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide

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4
Q

What is the function of GLUT transporters?

A

Increase glucose flow into cells

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5
Q

How does insulin indirectly increase glucose entry into cells?

A

Embeds GLUT transporters into cell membrane

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6
Q

What happens to glucose once phosphorylated?

A

Trapped within cell

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7
Q

What causes pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency and when do symptoms appear?

A

Sex-linked disease
Lactic acidosis
Shortly after birth

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8
Q

What are the symptoms of pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency?

A

Nausea, vomiting, severe breathing problems, dysrhythmia

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9
Q

How long do individuals with pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency last?

A

Do not make it beyond childhood

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10
Q

What other problems arise form pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency?

A

Neurological problems, delayed development of mental and motor abilities

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11
Q

Where does the Krebs cycle occur?

A

Mitochondrial matrix

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12
Q

What does the series of reactions of the Kreb’s consist of?

A

Redox reactions

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13
Q

How many decarboxylation reactions occur in the Kreb’s?

A

2

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14
Q

What is the most important outcome of the Kreb’s?

A

Reduced NAD and FAD

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15
Q

How many ATP molecules are produced and how?

A

1 from substrate level phosphorylation

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16
Q

What 3 methods are the TCA cycle regulated by?

A

Allosteric inhibition
Substrate availability
Inhibition by product accumulation

17
Q

What is citrate synthase inhibited by?

A

Citrate and ATP

18
Q

What is isocitrate dehydrogenase inhibited by?

A

NADH and ATP

19
Q

What is a-KG dehydrogenase inhibited by?

A

NADH and Succinyl CoA

20
Q

What is pyruvate dehydrogenase inhibited by?

A

NADH and Acetyl CoA

21
Q

How does arsenic interfere with cellular longevity?

A

Allosteric inhibition of essential metabolic enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

22
Q

Where does the ETC take place?

A

Mitochondrial membrane

23
Q

What process moves electron through the chain?

A

Chemiosmosis

24
Q

What is the thermodynamics of electron transfer?

A

Exergonic

25
Q

What is the final electron acceptor of the ETC?

A

Oxygen, to form water

26
Q

How is H+ expelled from the mitochondrial matrix?

A

Proton pumps

27
Q

What is the result of H+ expulsion?

A

High potential energy in the cytosol forming an electrochemical gradient

28
Q

How is ATP produced in the ETC?

A

H+ flows back into MM, forcing ATP synthase to generate an ATP

Nutrition and Energy (19 decks)

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