10. Glycogen Storage Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Type I

A

Von Gierke’s

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2
Q

Which enzyme is effected by Type I?

A

Glucose-6-phosphatase

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3
Q

Explain Type I in terms of cells and molecules

A

Build up of intracellular G-6-P, leading up to glycogen build up in the liver

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4
Q

Symptoms of Type I

A

Hepatomegaly and hypoglycaemia

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5
Q

Treatments for Type I

A

Liver transplant
Hypoglycaemia treatment
Transposition of portal vein

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6
Q

Type II

A

Pompe’s

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7
Q

Which enzyme is effected by Type II?

A

a-1,4-glucosidase

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8
Q

Explain Type II in terms of cells and molecules

A

Build up of glycogen in lysosomes

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9
Q

Symptoms of Type II

A

Cardiorespiratory failure
Death in first year of life
Most severe GSD

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10
Q

Treatments of Type II

A

Enzyme replacement therapy

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11
Q

Type III

A

Cori’s

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12
Q

Which enzyme is effected by Type III?

A

Amylo-1,6-glucosidase

Debranching enzyme

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13
Q

Explain Type III in terms of cells and molecules

A

Incomplete degradation of glycogen - very short outer branches

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14
Q

Symptoms of Type III

A

Muscle weakness and Von Gierke-like liver issues

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15
Q

Treatments of Type III

A

High protein diet - counteracts loss of amino acids during gluconeogenesis

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16
Q

When is onset prevalent in sufferers of Type III?

A

During puberty

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17
Q

Type IV

A

Anderson’s

18
Q

Which enzyme is effected by Type IV?

A

Amylo-1,4 -> 1,6-Transglycolyase

Branching enzyme

19
Q

Explain Type IV in terms of cells and molecules

A

Very long outer chains, therefore insoluble

20
Q

Symptoms of Type IV

A

Death before 4 years of age
Liver dysfunction
2nd most severe GSD

21
Q

Type V

A

McArdle’s

22
Q

Which enzyme is effected by Type V?

A

Muscle phosphorylase

23
Q

Explain Type V in terms of cells and molecules

A

Lack of degradation of muscular glycogen

No glucose - no ATP - no lactate

24
Q

Symptoms of Type V

A

Muscle weakness after exertion

Not very severe as long as strenuous exercise is avoided

25
Q

Type VI

A

Her’s

26
Q

Which enzyme is effected by Type VI?

A

Liver phosphorylase

27
Q

Explain Type VI in terms of cells and molecules

A

Build up of glycogen in the liver

28
Q

Symptoms of Type VI

A
Similar to Von Gierke's
Mild Ketosis 
Hypoglycaemia 
Retarded Growth
Hepatomegaly
29
Q

Type VII

A

Tarui’s

30
Q

Which enzyme is effected by Type VII?

A

Muscle phosphofructokinase

31
Q

Explain Type VII in terms of cells and molecules

A

Disrupts glycolysis, leads to build up of G-6-P and F-6-P, in turn causes increased glycogen synthase activity and UDP-Glucose Pyrophosphorylase, subsequently leading to high glycogen concentration in muscles

32
Q

Symptoms of Type VII

A

Similar to McArdle’s

33
Q

Type VIII

A

X-Linked Phosphorylase Kinase Deficiency

34
Q

Which enzyme is effected by Type VIII?

A

Defective phosphorylase kinase

35
Q

Explain Type VIII in terms of cells and molecules

A

Lack of glycogen breakdown, phosphorylase kinase cant add phosphate to convert glycogen phosphorylase from B to A

36
Q

Symptoms of Type VIII

A

Similar to Her’s

37
Q

Type IX

A

Phosphorylase Kinase Deficiency

38
Q

Explain Type IX in terms of cells and molecules

A

Autosomal recessive; mutation in gene that encodes phosphorylase kinase sub units. Affects different organs due to different isoenzymes.

39
Q

Symptoms of Type IX

A

Similar to Her’s and Type VIII

40
Q

Type 0

A

Liver Glycogen Synthase Disease

41
Q

Explain Type 0 in terms of cells and molecules

A

Too little glycogen as a result of decreased glycogen synthase activity

42
Q

Symptoms of Type 0

A

Some are unaffected, and others are hypoglycaemic