2. Chew, Taste and Swallow Flashcards

1
Q

What are lips and cheeks composed of?

A

Skeletal muscle embedded in elastic fibro-connective tissue

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2
Q

What epithelia are the lips and cheeks lined with?

A

Stratified squamous

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3
Q

Are the lips and cheeks keratinised? Where?

A

Slightly on the gums, tongue and hard palate

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4
Q

Describe the composition of the tongue

A

Skeletal muscle for the body and root

Covered with a mucous membrane

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5
Q

Where does the oesophagus pass down?

A

Midline of thorax

Pierces diaphragm at oesophageal hiatus

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6
Q

What is the oesophagus innervated by?

A

Vagus nerve

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7
Q

Describe the composition of the mucosa and their shape

A

Non-keratinised, stratified squamous epithelium

Longitudinal folds

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8
Q

Describe the composition of the muscularis

A

Skeletal, transitional and smooth in each portion, respectively

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9
Q

What connective tissue is the upper oesophageal sphincter composed of?

A

Fibrous

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10
Q

What is the lower oesophageal sphincter also known as?

A

Gastro-oesophageal sphincter

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11
Q

What receptors detect taste?

A

Chemoreceptors in taste buds

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12
Q

What sense is close to taste?

A

Smell - 80% of taste is actually smell

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13
Q

Name the 5 primary tastes

A
Sweet
Sour
Bitter
Salt
Umami
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14
Q

What is a papilla?

A

The small bumps on the tongue - known as taste buds

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15
Q

Name the different types of papillae

A

Filiform
Fungiform
Circumvallate
Foliate

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16
Q

How and how often are taste buds replaced?

A

7-10 days

Basal stem cell division

17
Q

What are microvilli known as?

A

Gustatory hairs - receptor membranes

18
Q

How are microvilli surfaced on the epithelium?

A

Through the pores

19
Q

What are gustatory cells surrounded by?

A

Dendrites

20
Q

What is aguestia and how is it caused?

A

Loss of taste

Neuronal damage or medication like penicillamine

21
Q

How many pairs of salivary glands are there? Name them.

A

3 - Submandibular, Sublingual and Parotid

22
Q

State whether each gland pair is serosal or mucosal and its output

A

Parotid - Serous - Water + a-Amylase

Submandibular - Mucosal and Serosal - Weak a-Amy;ase and Lysozyme

Sublingual - Mucosal - Thick, Viscous Secretion

23
Q

Describe the protective function of saliva

A
Bacteriostatic 
IgA
Large volume
Mucins
Alkaline solution
24
Q

What is Sjorgen’s Syndrome?

A

Autoimmune inflammatory disease

Diabetes, glandular atrophy, medical side effect

25
Q

Salivary gland disorders

A

Mumps
Parotid gland infection by myxovirus
Can effect pancreas, ovaries and testes

Xerostomia
Dry mouth
Treated by anticholinergics

26
Q

Number of milk teeth and adult teeth

A

20 and 30 respectively

27
Q

How are jaw and tongue movements controlled?

A

Touch, pressure and stretch receptors

28
Q

The three phases of deglutition

A

Voluntary, pharyngeal and oesophageal