16. Fat Metabolism

Question 1

What is fat metabolism also known as?

Answer 1

b-oxidation

Question 2

What is removed during the metabolism of a fatty acid?

Answer 2

2C fragments

Question 3

What energy-rich sources are produce directly?

Answer 3

FADH2 and NADH

Question 4

What is the first step to ensuring the metabolism of a fat molecule?

Answer 4

TAG -> FFA

Question 5

Where does fat metabolism occur in the cell?

Answer 5

Forms acetyl coA in the cytoplasm, transferred into mitochondrial matrix

Question 6

What enzyme catalyses the initial reaction?

Answer 6

Acyl CoA synthetase

Question 7

Explain the significance of the initial reaction

Answer 7

Ensures the compound has a CoA to fix the compound in the cytoplasm

Question 8

How do long chain acyl CoA’s enter the mitochondrial matrix given that CoA compounds can’t directly enter?

Answer 8

CAT-1 outside the mitochondria

Acyl CoA becomes Acyl Carnitine then allowed into mitochondria

Question 9

What happens in response the Acyl CoA entering the mitochondria?

Answer 9

CAT-2 cleaves molecule at carnitine end of Acyl Carnitine after entry into mitochondria
Re-adds CoA to the Acyl molecule
Carnitine recycled

Question 10

What kind of carrier is CAT?

Answer 10

Translocase

Question 11

How is CAT-1 regulated?

Answer 11

Malonyl CoA and insulin

Question 12

What is formed when carbohydrates are lacking?

Answer 12

Ketones

Question 13

What happens when there is an accumulation of ketones?

Answer 13

Ketoacidosis; diabetes; trauma; starvation

Question 14

Give examples of ketone bodies that accumulate as a result of lack of carbohydrates

Answer 14

Acetoacetic acid, b-hydroxybutyric acid, acetone

Question 15

The build up of which products disturbs the acid-base balance?

Answer 15

AA acid and b-hydroxybutyric acid

Question 16

What is ketoacidosis accompanied by in diabetics?

Answer 16

Insulin deficiency, hyperglycaemia and dehydration

Question 17

LAck of insulin stops glucose absorption and can cause ketone body production; what is the result of hyperglycaemia?

Answer 17

Glucose overloading kidneys and spilling into urine

Question 18

How does dehydration exacerbate ketoacidosis?

Answer 18

Osmotic movement into urine

Question 19

Give and overview of Medium Chain Acyl CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency

Answer 19

Blocks oxidation of fatty acyl CoA
Can’t produce sufficient acetyl CoA and in turn, enough ATP
Therefore, unable to compensate for hypoglycaemia

Question 20

What kind of genetic disorder is MCADD?

Answer 20

Autosomal recessive

Question 21

How is MCADD treated?

Answer 21

High carb, low fat diet

Question 22

At what position does Lysine convert and to what?

Answer 22

304 - to Glutamic Acid