Crude Oil Flashcards
How/what is crude oil formed from?
it is formed over millions of years from ancient remains of marine organisms
What bonds can be found in a hydrocarbon molecule?
carbon-carbon
carbon-hydrogen
How many hydrocarbons in the chain in diesel oil?
15-19
How many hydrocarbons in the chain in fuel oil?
30-40
What type of fuel is crude oil?
fossil fuel
What are hydrocarbons?
compounds of hydrogen and carbon atoms only
What 2 structures can hydrocarbon molecules have?
chain (with/without branches)
rings of carbon atoms
What is crude oil?
- a complex mixture of hydrocarbons (with the carbon atoms in chains or rings)
- an important source of useful substances (fuels)
- a finite resource
What is a finite resource?
-one that is no longer being made
OR
-one that is being made extremely slowly
(crude oil takes millions of years to form)
Which two things from what industry are hydrocarbons used for?
fuel and feedstock
petrochemical industry
How many hydrocarbons in the chain in gases?
1-4
How many hydrocarbons in the chain in petrol?
4-12
How many hydrocarbons in the chain in kerosene?
11-15
How many hydrocarbons in the chain in bitumen?
50+
What is the boiling point of gases?
below 20°C
What is the boiling point of bitumen?
540°C+
What is the difference in colour in the fractions?
smaller hydrocarbons/fractions that exit higher up have a clear/lighter colour
bigger hydrocarbons have a darker colour
Crude oil…
a complex mixture of hydrocarbons
contains carbon atoms arranged in rings or chains
is an important source of useful substances:
fuels and feedstock for the petrochemical industry
is a finite resource
Why are hydrocarbons/liquid hydrocarbons good as fuels?
they release a lot of energy
they are cheap and available
they are easily stored because they are liquids
What is the difference in how volatile the fractions are?
smaller molecules are more volatile than larger ones
Describe two ways in which crude oil is an important source of useful substances.
Hydrocarbons from crude oil are useful as fuels, and also as feedstock for the petrochemical industry.
What is feedstock?
a starting material for an industrial chemical process
What is the petrochemical industry?
the use and manufacture of substances from crude oil
Hydrocarbons are found in crude oil. Which of the following formulae represents a hydrocarbon?
A) C₂H₅OH
B) C₂H₆
C) C₆H₁₂O₆
D) CCl₄
B) C₂H₆
Explain the meaning of the term ‘hydrocarbon’
a hydrocarbon is a compound of carbon and hydrogen only
State the type of chemical bond found in a hydrocarbon molecule
covalent bond
Explain why crude oil is described as a finite resource
crude oil takes millions of years to form/is made extremely or is no longer being made
Describe the possible arrangements of carbon atoms in hydrocarbon molecules
chains or rings
Give an example of a fuel obtained from crude oil
(petroleum) gases/petrol/kerosene/diesel/fuel oil
not bitumen as it isn’t a fuel
Give an example of a substance manufactured using crude oil as a feedstock
polymers/plastics (e.g. polyethene)
What is fuel?
a material that is used to produce heat
