Crude Oil

Question 1

How/what is crude oil formed from?

Answer 1

it is formed over millions of years from ancient remains of marine organisms

Question 2

What bonds can be found in a hydrocarbon molecule?

Answer 2

carbon-carbon

carbon-hydrogen

Question 3

How many hydrocarbons in the chain in diesel oil?

Answer 3

15-19

Question 4

How many hydrocarbons in the chain in fuel oil?

Answer 4

30-40

Question 5

What type of fuel is crude oil?

Answer 5

fossil fuel

Question 6

What are hydrocarbons?

Answer 6

compounds of hydrogen and carbon atoms only

Question 7

What 2 structures can hydrocarbon molecules have?

Answer 7

chain (with/without branches)

rings of carbon atoms

Question 8

What is crude oil?

Answer 8

• a complex mixture of hydrocarbons (with the carbon atoms in chains or rings)
• an important source of useful substances (fuels)
• a finite resource

Question 9

What is a finite resource?

Answer 9

-one that is no longer being made

OR

-one that is being made extremely slowly

(crude oil takes millions of years to form)

Question 10

Which two things from what industry are hydrocarbons used for?

Answer 10

fuel and feedstock

petrochemical industry

Question 11

How many hydrocarbons in the chain in gases?

Answer 11

1-4

Question 12

How many hydrocarbons in the chain in petrol?

Answer 12

4-12

Question 13

How many hydrocarbons in the chain in kerosene?

Answer 13

11-15

Question 14

How many hydrocarbons in the chain in bitumen?

Answer 14

50+

Question 15

What is the boiling point of gases?

Answer 15

below 20°C

Question 16

What is the boiling point of bitumen?

Answer 16

540°C+

Question 17

What is the difference in colour in the fractions?

Answer 17

smaller hydrocarbons/fractions that exit higher up have a clear/lighter colour

bigger hydrocarbons have a darker colour

Question 18

Crude oil…

Answer 18

a complex mixture of hydrocarbons

contains carbon atoms arranged in rings or chains

is an important source of useful substances:
fuels and feedstock for the petrochemical industry

is a finite resource

Question 19

Why are hydrocarbons/liquid hydrocarbons good as fuels?

Answer 19

they release a lot of energy

they are cheap and available

they are easily stored because they are liquids

Question 20

What is the difference in how volatile the fractions are?

Answer 20

smaller molecules are more volatile than larger ones

Question 21

Describe two ways in which crude oil is an important source of useful substances.

Answer 21

Hydrocarbons from crude oil are useful as fuels, and also as feedstock for the petrochemical industry.

Question 22

What is feedstock?

Answer 22

a starting material for an industrial chemical process

Question 23

What is the petrochemical industry?

Answer 23

the use and manufacture of substances from crude oil

Question 24

Hydrocarbons are found in crude oil. Which of the following formulae represents a hydrocarbon?

A) C₂H₅OH
B) C₂H₆
C) C₆H₁₂O₆
D) CCl₄

Answer 24

B) C₂H₆

Question 25

Explain the meaning of the term ‘hydrocarbon’

Answer 25

a hydrocarbon is a compound of carbon and hydrogen only

Question 26

State the type of chemical bond found in a hydrocarbon molecule

Answer 26

covalent bond

Question 27

Explain why crude oil is described as a finite resource

Answer 27

crude oil takes millions of years to form/is made extremely or is no longer being made

Question 28

Describe the possible arrangements of carbon atoms in hydrocarbon molecules

Answer 28

chains or rings

Question 29

Give an example of a fuel obtained from crude oil

Answer 29

(petroleum) gases/petrol/kerosene/diesel/fuel oil

not bitumen as it isn’t a fuel

Question 30

Give an example of a substance manufactured using crude oil as a feedstock

Answer 30

polymers/plastics (e.g. polyethene)

Question 31

What is fuel?

Answer 31

a material that is used to produce heat