Alcohols

Question 1

features of the alcohols (5)

Answer 1

• homologous series of compounds
• have the same functional group, -OH and names end in -ol
• have similar chemical properties
• differ in the moleculer formula of neighbouring members by CH[2]
• show a gradual variation in physical properties such as boiling point

Question 2

reactions of alcohols

Answer 2

methanol, ethanol and propanol all:
-dissolve in water to form a neutral solution

• react with sodium to produce hydrogen
• burn in air
  e. g.

methanol + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
CH[3]OH(l) + 1/2O2 -> CO2 + 2H[2]O

remember that oxidation adds oxygen atoms

Question 3

oxidation of ethanol

Answer 3

combustion is an oxidation reaction

ethanol can also be oxidised to ethanoic acid by:

• chemicals called oxidising agents
• the action of microbes

ethanoic acid is a CARBOXYLIC ACID (and the main acid in vinegar)

Question 4

boiling point

Answer 4

temperature between states of liquid and gas

Question 5

solute

Answer 5

solid that dissolves in liquid

Question 6

solvent

Answer 6

liquid things dissolve in

Question 7

distillation

Answer 7

separation of liquids by boiling points

Question 8

solution

Answer 8

mixture of solvent and solute

Question 9

reaction of ethanol in air

Answer 9

combustion

ethanol + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water

C[2]H[5]OH + 3O[2] -> 2CO[2] + 3H[2]O