Bases and Alkalis Flashcards
What is an alkali?
A soluble base (dissolves in water)
What is a base?
A substance that reacts with an acid to form ONLY a salt and water. They are metal oxides and metal hydroxides.
What is the general word equation for a base and acid?
base + acid –> salt + water
Complete the formula equation:
NaOH + HCl –> ___ + ___
NaOH + HCl –> NaCl + H2O
When naming salts, what are the two parts of the formula from?
The first part (e.g. Na in NaCl) is from the metal in the base.
The second part (Cl) is from the acid used.
When naming salts, what are the second parts of the name of a salt from these acids?
- hydrochloric acid (HCl)
- nitric acid (HNO3)
- sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
-chloride
-nitrate
-sulfate
The first part of a name of a salt will be the metal.
(e.g. magnesium oxide + hydrochloric acid –> magnesium chloride + water)
When reactive metals react with acids, what do they produce?
Only a salt and hydrogen.
What is the general word equation for a metal and an acid?
metal + acid –> salt + hydrogen
Complete the equation:
Mg + (2)HCl –> ___ + ___
Mg + (2)HCl –> MgCl + H2
What does a reaction between an acid and a metal carbonate produce?
A salt, water and carbon dioxide.
What is the general word equation for an acid and a metal carbonate?
metal carbonate + acid –> salt + water + carbon dioxide
Complete the equation:
CaCO3 + (2)HCl –> ___ + ___
CaCO3 + (2)HCl –> CaCl2 + H20 + CO3
What is the test for hydrogen gas called?
The (squeaky) pop test.
How do you test for hydrogen gas?
Hydrogen made in a reaction is directed into an upturned test tube. When a lighted splint is held to the test tube the hydrogen ignites and makes a (squeaky) pop sound.
How do you test for carbon dioxide?
As carbon dioxide turns limewater cloudy/milky, carbon dioxide is directed into limewater, and if it turns milky carbon dioxide is present.
