Crisis final Flashcards
What are scanning failures?
failure to pay close attention to potential problems both inside and out. Due to arrogance, lack of resources or simple inattention.
What is integration failure?
Failure to understand how pieces of potentially complicated information fit together to provide lessons on how to avoid crisis
What is incentive failure?
failure to provide sufficient rewards to people who report problems and take actions to avoid possible crises.
What are learning failures?
Failure to draw important lessons from crises and preserve their memories in the organization.
What is vicarious learning?
Organizations do not necessarily need to fail themselves in order to learn, orgs observe the failures experienced by similar orgs and take actions to avoid making the same mistakes.
What is acquiring knowledge?
Achieving by recognizing failures within the org and by observing the failures of similar organizations.
What is distributing knowledge?
High-experienced employees will leave the organization. Unless people are given an opportunity to share their knowledge with others or the knowledge will leave with the departing personnel.
What is acting on knowledge?
If new employees are unwilling to learn from departing one, the org’s accumulated knowledge is lost. New employees who want to do things their way could be destined to repeat previous org failures.
What are expanding options?
When orgs are unwilling to forgo routine procedures during crisis or potential situations, they lose the capacity to react to unique circumstances. Unlearning enables to org to expand its options.
What are contracting options?
orgs may respond to a crisis with a strategy that has worked well in the past. The strategy from the past may actually make matters worse. Orgs must be willing to reject some strategies in favor of others.
What is grafting?
if socializations of new employees in so intense that they cannot bring new knowledge to the org, however, the org is doing itself a disservice. Org memory is essential some degree of unlearning in favor of the ideas new employees bring may be helpful in predicting and responding to crises.
(opportunity 1) Organizations should treat failure as what?
An opportunity to recognize a potential crisis or to prevent a similar crisis in the future.
(opportunity 2) Organizations can avoid crises by what?
Learning from other organizations’ failures and crises.
(opportunity 3) Organizational training and planning should emphasize what?
The preservation of previous learning in order to make organizational memory a priority.
(opportunity 4) Organizations must be willing to unlearn what?
Outdated or ineffective procedures if they are to learn better crisis management strategies.
How does risk differentiate from crisis?
Future oriented, messages of reducing likelihood, based on what is currently known, long term, technical experts/ scientists, personal scope, mediated communication campaigns, and controlled and structured.
How does crisis differentiate from risk?
Specific incident, messages of blame and consequences, based on the known and unknown, short term, authoritative figures, community perspective, press conferences/ press releases/ speeches, spontaneous and reactive.
Mindlessness is…
- Trapped by categories
- Automatic behavior
- Acting from a single prespective
Mindfulness is…
- Creation of new category
- Openness to new category
- Awareness of more than one perspective
What are the 5 applications of mindfulness in orgs that have managed to maintain impressive records of safety, despite intense potential for crisis?
1) Preoccupation with failure
2) Reluctance to simplify interpretations
3) Sensitivity to operations
4) Commitment to resilience
5) Deference to expertise
What is dialogue-centered?
- Democratic- all sides having a say in the matter
- Matters of perception addresses as needed
- Assumes subjectivity but works toward objectivity through dialogue and inquiry
What is technology-centered?
- Decision making focused on subject matter experts
- Perceptions dismissed in favor of a series of facts determined by a SME
- Assumes objectivity through science but can be influenced by subjective interests.
What does convergence theory explain?
How much public debates over risk issues are received, sorted, and assessed by the lay public.
What are fantasy messages?
“Anything that sounds too good to be true, probably is.”
