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COMS > COMS335-Midterm > Flashcards

COMS335-Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different types of groups?

A
  • Primary groups: (family)
  • Social group: (Bible study)
  • Self-help group: (AA or addiction group)
  • Learning: (Study group)
  • Service (CSER)
  • Civic: (Parks and Rec)
  • work: (class)
  • Public: (public forum)
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2
Q

What are the key elements of a Small Group

A
  • Members
  • Working
  • Interdependence
  • Interaction
  • Goals
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3
Q

How many members are in a small group?

A

3-15

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4
Q

What are interactions within a small group?

A

Verbal and Nonverbal communication to generate meanings, establish relationships, and solve problems

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5
Q

What does interdependence mean within a small group?

A

mutually dependent on others (yet remaining individuals)

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6
Q

What does it mean to work within a small group

A

the physical or mental effort you use when trying to accomplish something.

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7
Q

What is the common goal worked toward in a small group?

A

the purpose or objective toward which group work is directed.

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8
Q

What is Dr. Pruitt’s definition of small group communication?

A

3-15 people usually face-to-face, working over time, to achieve a common goal.

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9
Q

What are advantages to working in small groups?

A
  • Superior resources
  • Member satisfaction
  • Learning
  • Cultural understanding
  • Civic engagement
  • Creativity
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10
Q

Disadvantages to working in a group?

A
  • Takes more time, energy, and resources
  • Conflict
  • People Problems
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11
Q

Theory

A

Statement that tries to explain or predict

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12
Q

Strategy

A

Technique for dealing with problems

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13
Q

Skill

A

Ability that helps a group achieve goals

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14
Q

Group Dialectics

A

the contradictory tensions groups experience as they work toward a common goal

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15
Q

Tuckman’s Group Development Stages

A
  • Forming
  • Storming
  • Norming
  • Performing
  • Adjourning
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16
Q

What does forming mean in Tuckman’s Group Development Stages?

A

A group begins-culture is dependent upon few role emergence begins. There is primary tension

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17
Q

What is the structure of the forming stage?

A

initial hierarchy

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18
Q

What does storming mean in Tuckman’s Group Development Stages?

A

authority is questioned. culture is full of conflict, role changing, game-playing, scapegoat, and role solidification.

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19
Q

What is the structure of the storming stage?

A

Group breaks into factions

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20
Q

What does norming mean in Tuckman’s Group Development Stages?

A

“calm after the storm” excessive harmony, role acceptance, relationship development, conflict avoidance

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21
Q

What is the structure of the norming stage?

A

Equality and mutuality

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22
Q

What does performing mean in Tuckman’s Group Development Stages?

A

fully functioning, culture is fully engaged members are building trust, roles are respected, and conflict and time management is understood

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23
Q

What is the structure of the performing stage?

A

Adaptive and Flexible

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24
Q

What are Bormann’s scenarios of when leadership emerges

A
  • Lieutenant scenario: supported leadership
  • 2 leaders/ 2 lieutenants
  • Crisis scenario
  • Group failure
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25
What does adjourning mean in Tuckman's Group Development Stages?
group ends work, seeks closure, addresses relational futures, disengagement occurs
26
What is the structure of the adjourning stage?
Structure dissolves or reforms
27
What are group norms?
* Explicit norms * Implicit norms * Interaction norms * Procedural norms * Status norms * Achievement norms
28
What are some group goals
* Must be clear, specific, and challenging * Groups should develop their own goals * There can be pursuit of personal & group goals as long as personal don't undermine group * Work to eliminate hidden agencies
29
What is Schutz's Theory of Interpersonal Needs Theory?
* We join groups to meet needs * Need for inclusion * Need for control * Need for affection
30
What is the need for inclusion?
Represents our desire to belong, to be involved, and to be accepted.
31
What is a social member of a group?
A person who enjoys working with people but is also comfortable working alone.
32
What is an undersocial member of a group?
feels unworthy or undervalued by the group and may withdraw or become a loner.
33
What is the need for control?
whether we feel competent, confident, and free to make our own decisions.
34
What is a democratic member of a group?
a person who has no problems with power and control and who feels just as comfortable giving orders as taking them
35
What is an abdicrat?
someone who wants control but is reluctant to pursue it
36
What is an autocrat?
Tried to take control by dominating the group.
37
What s the need for affection?
Reflects our desire to be liked by others.
38
What are personal members of a group?
a person who has no emotional problems dealing with group members.
39
Who are under-personal members?
they believe no one likes them, they may establish only superficial relationships with other members
40
Who are over-personal members?
They try to get close to everyone and seeks intimate friendships despite disinterest of other members.
41
What are group member roles (Benne and Sheats)
Task roles, maintenance roles, and self-centered roles
42
What are task roles?
focus on behaviors that get the job done
43
What are maintenance roles?
Affect how members get along while pursuing a shared goal
44
What are self-centered goals?
puts individual needs before group goals.
45
5 Essential roles for a fully functioning group
* Task leader * Socio-emotional leader * Central-Negative * Information Provider * Tension Releaser
46
What is the task leaders role?
high group status, goal setting, seeking ideas, summarizing, regulating participation
47
What is the socio-emotional leader role?
well liked, climate-maker, touchy-feely person, instigates group analysis, supports task leader, resolves conflicts
48
What is the central-negatives role?
Instigate conflict, attributes of task leader, evaluates critically, helps leader and group perform better
49
What is the information provider role?
a shared role among group, good research skills, produces accurate information
50
What is the tension releasers role?
breaks tension, uses humor (usually), knows not to "derail" group by playing the clown, more spontaneous.
51
What are some strategies for reducing communication apprehension?
* Know that you are not alone * Be well prepared * Learn communication * Relax Physically * Think Positively * Visualize Success
52
Definition of leadership
the ability to make strategic decisions and use communication effectively to mobilize group members toward achieving a common goal.
53
Strategies for becoming a leader
* Talk early, talk often * Know more * Offer your opinion * Don't be over-zealous if interested
54
What are designated leaders?
A leader is selected by group member or by outside authority.
55
What are emergent leaders?
A leader achieves leadership by interacting with group and contributing to the achievement of the group's goals.
56
Leadership emergence (Ernest Bormann 1975)
Stage 1: Quick elimination half of the candidates | Stage 2: Jockeying for position/ lieutenants
57
What are the method of residues?
Sifting through the rubble to find the gold
58
Types of power (Pruitt)
* Legitimate power * Coercive power * Referent power * Expert power * Information power
59
Types of power (French and Raven)
* Legitimate power * Coercive power * Reward power * Referent power * Expert power * Information power
60
What is legitimate power?
Cultural values, hierarchy of authority, and designation
61
What is coercive power?
Based on ability to punish (negative valence)
62
What is reward power?
Based on ability to reward (positive valence)
63
What is referent power?
(Attraction power) based on admiration or respect, can also relate to charisma.
64
What is expert power?
Strength of expertise (real or perceived) which one person attributes to another
65
What is information power?
Knowledge of how to get things done, how to work the system
66
What are the different types of discussion formats?
* Round Table * Symposium * Panel Discussion * Forums
67
What is a round table discussion formats?
* Encourages participation and leads to more spontaneous conversation * Most popular format * Maximizes communication flow * De-emphasizes leadership
68
What is the symposium discussion format?
* Differing viewpoints or sub-areas using a series of short pre-planned speeches of equal length * Usually presents pros and cons * Controversial issue usually discussed * Speeches given max. time * Usually given at a podium * Formal intros and moderator
69
What is the panel discussion format?
* Semi-structured interaction among participants on a single topic for the benefit of the audience * Interaction and balance is important * Uses moderator * Appears spontaneous but requires a great amount of preparation and planning
70
What is a forum discussion format?
* A question and answer period that is attached out of another type of discussion format * Stimulates audience participation through Q and A * Lecture-forum, debate-forum, etc. * Usually has moderator
71
What is synergy?
* The combined effect of a group is greater than the total of all individual contributions * Sum is greater than parts * Groups usually produce more * Better results than individual efforts
72
How do groups differ from synergy?
* Groups perform better * Groups are more creative * More efficient at multi-tasking

COMS (11 decks)

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