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COMS > COMS335-Midterm > Flashcards

COMS335-Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different types of groups?

A
  • Primary groups: (family)
  • Social group: (Bible study)
  • Self-help group: (AA or addiction group)
  • Learning: (Study group)
  • Service (CSER)
  • Civic: (Parks and Rec)
  • work: (class)
  • Public: (public forum)
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2
Q

What are the key elements of a Small Group

A
  • Members
  • Working
  • Interdependence
  • Interaction
  • Goals
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3
Q

How many members are in a small group?

A

3-15

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4
Q

What are interactions within a small group?

A

Verbal and Nonverbal communication to generate meanings, establish relationships, and solve problems

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5
Q

What does interdependence mean within a small group?

A

mutually dependent on others (yet remaining individuals)

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6
Q

What does it mean to work within a small group

A

the physical or mental effort you use when trying to accomplish something.

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7
Q

What is the common goal worked toward in a small group?

A

the purpose or objective toward which group work is directed.

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8
Q

What is Dr. Pruitt’s definition of small group communication?

A

3-15 people usually face-to-face, working over time, to achieve a common goal.

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9
Q

What are advantages to working in small groups?

A
  • Superior resources
  • Member satisfaction
  • Learning
  • Cultural understanding
  • Civic engagement
  • Creativity
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10
Q

Disadvantages to working in a group?

A
  • Takes more time, energy, and resources
  • Conflict
  • People Problems
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11
Q

Theory

A

Statement that tries to explain or predict

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12
Q

Strategy

A

Technique for dealing with problems

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13
Q

Skill

A

Ability that helps a group achieve goals

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14
Q

Group Dialectics

A

the contradictory tensions groups experience as they work toward a common goal

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15
Q

Tuckman’s Group Development Stages

A
  • Forming
  • Storming
  • Norming
  • Performing
  • Adjourning
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16
Q

What does forming mean in Tuckman’s Group Development Stages?

A

A group begins-culture is dependent upon few role emergence begins. There is primary tension

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17
Q

What is the structure of the forming stage?

A

initial hierarchy

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18
Q

What does storming mean in Tuckman’s Group Development Stages?

A

authority is questioned. culture is full of conflict, role changing, game-playing, scapegoat, and role solidification.

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19
Q

What is the structure of the storming stage?

A

Group breaks into factions

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20
Q

What does norming mean in Tuckman’s Group Development Stages?

A

“calm after the storm” excessive harmony, role acceptance, relationship development, conflict avoidance

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21
Q

What is the structure of the norming stage?

A

Equality and mutuality

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22
Q

What does performing mean in Tuckman’s Group Development Stages?

A

fully functioning, culture is fully engaged members are building trust, roles are respected, and conflict and time management is understood

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23
Q

What is the structure of the performing stage?

A

Adaptive and Flexible

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24
Q

What are Bormann’s scenarios of when leadership emerges

A
  • Lieutenant scenario: supported leadership
  • 2 leaders/ 2 lieutenants
  • Crisis scenario
  • Group failure
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25
Q

What does adjourning mean in Tuckman’s Group Development Stages?

A

group ends work, seeks closure, addresses relational futures, disengagement occurs

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26
Q

What is the structure of the adjourning stage?

A

Structure dissolves or reforms

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27
Q

What are group norms?

A
  • Explicit norms
  • Implicit norms
  • Interaction norms
  • Procedural norms
  • Status norms
  • Achievement norms
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28
Q

What are some group goals

A
  • Must be clear, specific, and challenging
  • Groups should develop their own goals
  • There can be pursuit of personal & group goals as long as personal don’t undermine group
  • Work to eliminate hidden agencies
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29
Q

What is Schutz’s Theory of Interpersonal Needs Theory?

A
  • We join groups to meet needs
  • Need for inclusion
  • Need for control
  • Need for affection
30
Q

What is the need for inclusion?

A

Represents our desire to belong, to be involved, and to be accepted.

31
Q

What is a social member of a group?

A

A person who enjoys working with people but is also comfortable working alone.

32
Q

What is an undersocial member of a group?

A

feels unworthy or undervalued by the group and may withdraw or become a loner.

33
Q

What is the need for control?

A

whether we feel competent, confident, and free to make our own decisions.

34
Q

What is a democratic member of a group?

A

a person who has no problems with power and control and who feels just as comfortable giving orders as taking them

35
Q

What is an abdicrat?

A

someone who wants control but is reluctant to pursue it

36
Q

What is an autocrat?

A

Tried to take control by dominating the group.

37
Q

What s the need for affection?

A

Reflects our desire to be liked by others.

38
Q

What are personal members of a group?

A

a person who has no emotional problems dealing with group members.

39
Q

Who are under-personal members?

A

they believe no one likes them, they may establish only superficial relationships with other members

40
Q

Who are over-personal members?

A

They try to get close to everyone and seeks intimate friendships despite disinterest of other members.

41
Q

What are group member roles (Benne and Sheats)

A

Task roles, maintenance roles, and self-centered roles

42
Q

What are task roles?

A

focus on behaviors that get the job done

43
Q

What are maintenance roles?

A

Affect how members get along while pursuing a shared goal

44
Q

What are self-centered goals?

A

puts individual needs before group goals.

45
Q

5 Essential roles for a fully functioning group

A
  • Task leader
  • Socio-emotional leader
  • Central-Negative
  • Information Provider
  • Tension Releaser
46
Q

What is the task leaders role?

A

high group status, goal setting, seeking ideas, summarizing, regulating participation

47
Q

What is the socio-emotional leader role?

A

well liked, climate-maker, touchy-feely person, instigates group analysis, supports task leader, resolves conflicts

48
Q

What is the central-negatives role?

A

Instigate conflict, attributes of task leader, evaluates critically, helps leader and group perform better

49
Q

What is the information provider role?

A

a shared role among group, good research skills, produces accurate information

50
Q

What is the tension releasers role?

A

breaks tension, uses humor (usually), knows not to “derail” group by playing the clown, more spontaneous.

51
Q

What are some strategies for reducing communication apprehension?

A
  • Know that you are not alone
  • Be well prepared
  • Learn communication
  • Relax Physically
  • Think Positively
  • Visualize Success
52
Q

Definition of leadership

A

the ability to make strategic decisions and use communication effectively to mobilize group members toward achieving a common goal.

53
Q

Strategies for becoming a leader

A
  • Talk early, talk often
  • Know more
  • Offer your opinion
  • Don’t be over-zealous if interested
54
Q

What are designated leaders?

A

A leader is selected by group member or by outside authority.

55
Q

What are emergent leaders?

A

A leader achieves leadership by interacting with group and contributing to the achievement of the group’s goals.

56
Q

Leadership emergence (Ernest Bormann 1975)

A

Stage 1: Quick elimination half of the candidates

Stage 2: Jockeying for position/ lieutenants

57
Q

What are the method of residues?

A

Sifting through the rubble to find the gold

58
Q

Types of power (Pruitt)

A
  • Legitimate power
  • Coercive power
  • Referent power
  • Expert power
  • Information power
59
Q

Types of power (French and Raven)

A
  • Legitimate power
  • Coercive power
  • Reward power
  • Referent power
  • Expert power
  • Information power
60
Q

What is legitimate power?

A

Cultural values, hierarchy of authority, and designation

61
Q

What is coercive power?

A

Based on ability to punish (negative valence)

62
Q

What is reward power?

A

Based on ability to reward (positive valence)

63
Q

What is referent power?

A

(Attraction power) based on admiration or respect, can also relate to charisma.

64
Q

What is expert power?

A

Strength of expertise (real or perceived) which one person attributes to another

65
Q

What is information power?

A

Knowledge of how to get things done, how to work the system

66
Q

What are the different types of discussion formats?

A
  • Round Table
  • Symposium
  • Panel Discussion
  • Forums
67
Q

What is a round table discussion formats?

A
  • Encourages participation and leads to more spontaneous conversation
  • Most popular format
  • Maximizes communication flow
  • De-emphasizes leadership
68
Q

What is the symposium discussion format?

A
  • Differing viewpoints or sub-areas using a series of short pre-planned speeches of equal length
  • Usually presents pros and cons
  • Controversial issue usually discussed
  • Speeches given max. time
  • Usually given at a podium
  • Formal intros and moderator
69
Q

What is the panel discussion format?

A
  • Semi-structured interaction among participants on a single topic for the benefit of the audience
  • Interaction and balance is important
  • Uses moderator
  • Appears spontaneous but requires a great amount of preparation and planning
70
Q

What is a forum discussion format?

A
  • A question and answer period that is attached out of another type of discussion format
  • Stimulates audience participation through Q and A
  • Lecture-forum, debate-forum, etc.
  • Usually has moderator
71
Q

What is synergy?

A
  • The combined effect of a group is greater than the total of all individual contributions
  • Sum is greater than parts
  • Groups usually produce more
  • Better results than individual efforts
72
Q

How do groups differ from synergy?

A
  • Groups perform better
  • Groups are more creative
  • More efficient at multi-tasking

COMS (11 decks)

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