CRIME AND DEVIANCE - State Crime Flashcards
Give some Examples of State Crime! HINT: Name as many as you can; there are 7 Examples here!
- Treason
- Espionage (EG: Cambridge Spy Ring / Scandal)
- Human Rights Violation
- Corruption
- Illegal Drugs
- Genocide
- Not paying Minimum Wage (EG: Modern-day slavery)
Give an Example of a State Crime that happened in Bosnia? HINT: Srebrenica!
The Srebrenica Massace / Genocide in Bosnia during the Bosnian War!
Name some of the Resources and Utilities that are needed, in order to commit a State Crime! HINT: Name as many as you can; there are 10 Examples here!
- Power
- Influence
- Money
- Control of the Police and Authority
- Corruption
- ISA and Media Corruption and Propaganda (EG: In North Korea) –> Coercion or ideological indoctrination
- The ability to cover-up your actions
- Relationships with other governments who will support you = Iraq and Britain (who sell arms to different countries - The Arms-to-Iraq deal in Major’s government)
- A disregard for the rights of some or all of your citizens
- A sense of greed or entitlement
What does Taylor believe is the main driver of the globalisation of crime? HINT: Links to Marxism and Criminogenic Capitalism!
He says that CAPITALISM is the main driver of the globalisation of crime!
(TAYLOR) What are the 3 Bullet Points that can explain how Capitalism is the main driver of the Globalisation of crime? HINT: Move money efficiently; loopholes and lack of law enforcement; maximise profits!
- Rich people can move money efficiently and effectively = Financial crime - Russian oligarchs
- Rich people don’t want to enforce laws over tax havens = Easier for organised gangs to exploit loopholes
- Companies want to maximise profit; it becomes tempting for individuals to want to cling onto their power and maximise their influence because they have so much control = They move their business to low-wage, deprived countries. Loss of employment and the ‘crisis of masculinity’ (Brown and Mitsos) in the West leads to increased crime/disorder AND companies cutting corners and committing crime in low-income countries → The ‘old boys network’ and connections; getting things in return! The facade of being community-focused but actually being self-serving; an easy trap for people in power to fall into!
What types of people does Ruggiero suggest that rich companies look for, in order to maximise their profits!
They look for CHEAP LABOUR; this usually includes illegal immigrants, whose labour is cheap and unregulated (loopholes in regards to law enforcement; this supports them in maximising their profits)!
What is the Dependency Theory / Principle?
It is a means whereby rich countries make themselves rich at the expense of poor ones, and rich people in both rich and poor countries, make themselves rich at the expense of the powerless → Power imbalance between the rich and the poor countries!
The rich countries depend on their ability to commit crime at the expense of the poorer ones = EG: Colonialism (People with power and authority stomping over people who do not) / slavery / cheap immigrant labour
Rich countries permit developing countries / other nations to engage in state crime where they are also serving an interest that suits them and their needs (EG: The treatment of women in Saudi Arabia was not challenged by the US).
What Sociologist studied the ‘Culture of Denial’?
Cohen!
(COHEN) What are the 3 Stages he identified, in regards to the ‘Culture of Denial’?
STAGE 1 - The event DID NOT HAPPEN (the event is often disproved by charities, victims and the media OR it is covered up, such as the Novocherkassk massacre)!
STAGE 2 - The event was NECESSARY / accidental / not as people perceive it!
STAGE 3 - The event was JUSTIFIED
What 2 Sociologists studied the ‘Techniques of Neutralisation’?
Skyes and Matza!
TRUE OR FALSE: Cohen DOES draw upon Sykes and Matza’s study of the ‘Techniques of Neutralisation’ in his own work!
TRUE - The ‘Techniques of Neutralisation’ are often linked to Cohen’s ‘Stage 3’, whereby the event is JUSTIFIED!
(SYKES AND MATZA) What are the 5 ‘Techniques of Neutralisation’?
- Denial of the Victim
- Denial of Injury
- Denial of Responsibility
- Condemning the Condemners
- Appealing to a Higher Loyalty
(SYKES AND MATZA - ‘Techniques of Neutralisation’) Describe what ‘Denial of the Victim’ is!
‘They have exaggerated what has been done to them; they ate used to it!’
(SYKES AND MATZA - ‘Techniques of Neutralisation’) Describe what ‘Denial of Injury’ is!
‘They started it! We are the victims here!’
(SYKES AND MATZA - ‘Techniques of Neutralisation’) Describe what ‘Denial of Responsibility’ is!
‘I was just obeying orders - It’s not my fault!’
