crdr finals 2

Question 1

Why is QC of digital display devices important?

Answer 1

Malfunctioning displays can degrade images, simulating or obscuring disease.

Question 2

Who should supervise a comprehensive QC program for digital radiography?

Answer 2

qualified medical physicist

Question 3

What described the format, dimensions, and contrast characteristics of a pattern used to make measurements of the resolution of display systems?

Answer 3

SMPTE

Question 4

SMPTE

Answer 4

Social of Motion Picture and Television Engineers

Question 5

NEMA

Answer 5

National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA)

Question 6

The intent of this standard was to allow medical images to be transferred according to the DICOM standard to be displayed on any DICOM-compatible display device with a consistent gray scale appearance

Answer 6

NEMA-DICOM

Question 7

DIN

Answer 7

Deutsches Institut für Normung

Question 7

equal changes in digital values associated with an image translate into equal changes in perceived brightness at the display

Answer 7

principle of perceptual linearization

Question 8

DIN published a document in 2001 called?

Answer 8

“Image Quality Assurance in X-ray Diagnostics; Acceptance Testing for Image Display Devices”

Question 8

This was developed as an acceptance testing standard to address the requirements for digital display devices

Answer 8

DIN 2001

Question 9

In 1998, the Flat Panel Display Measurement (FPDM) standard, version 1.0, was released by???

Answer 9

VESA

Question 9

VESA

Answer 9

Video Electronics Standard Association

Question 10

This standard provides a set of instructions that can be used to help in the evaluation of system performance according to a compliance standard

Answer 10

VESA

Question 10

This was developed to ensure acceptable clinical performance and to developed set of test patterns.

Answer 10

AAPM TG 18

Question 11

AAPM

Answer 11

American Association of Physicists in Medicine

Question 12

TG 18

Answer 12

Task Group Report 18

Question 13

What is used to measure luminance response and uniformity of monitors?

Answer 13

luminance meter

Question 14

2 types of luminance meter

Answer 14

*near-range photometer
*telescopic photometer

Question 15

This is used in close proximity to monitors

Answer 15

near-range photometer

Question 16

This is used to test from a distance of 1m.

Answer 16

telescopic photometer

Question 16

The luminance meter should use a calibration method that is traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and should be able to measure luminance in the range of 0.05 to 1000 cd/m2 with better than 5% accuracy and a precision of at least 0.01.

Answer 16

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Question 17

What device used to measure CIE-specified color coordinates of a digital display device?

Answer 17

colorimeter

Question 17

The photometer also should comply with the Commission Internationale de l’Éclairage (CIE) standard photopic spectral response within a range of 3%.

Answer 17

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Question 18

What device is used to evaluate monitor display reflection and to assess ambient light conditions?

Answer 18

illuminance meter

Question 19

The illuminance meter should be calibrated according to NIST standards; response to better than 5% at a 50-degree angulation should be required.

Answer 19

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Question 20

What patterns are mainly used to evaluate digital display devices?

Answer 20

AAPM TG 18 patterns

Question 21

What arises from problems that cause the displayed image to be geometrically different from the original image?

Answer 21

geometric distortion

Question 21

How is geometric distortion assessed?

Answer 21

Using TG 18-QC and TG 18-LPV/LPH patterns

Question 22

What is the acceptable level of geometric distortion?

Answer 22

2% for primary class devices, 5% for secondary class devices.

Question 22

This significantly contributes to the light reflected by display device.

Answer 22

ambient light

Question 23

2 types of display reflection

Answer 23

*specular *diffuse

Question 27

This is results in the generation of mirror images of light sources surrounding the monitor.

Answer 27

specular reflection

Question 28

This is results when light is randomly scattered on the digital display device

Answer 28

diffuse reflection

Question 28

How is diffuse reflection assessed?

Answer 28

Compare low-contrast visibility under ambient lighting vs. total darkness.

Question 28

How is specular reflection assessed?

Answer 28

Turn off the monitor and check for mirror images of light sources.

Question 29

What refers to the relationship between displayed luminance and input values of a standardized display system?

Answer 29

luminance response

Question 30

Which pattern is used for evaluating luminance response?

Answer 30

TG 18-CT pattern

Question 31

What test patterns are used for display resolution evaluation?

Answer 31

TG 18-CX, TG 18-QC, and TG 18-PX patterns

Question 32

Any high-frequency fluctuations or patterns that interfere with detection of the true signal

Answer 32

display noise

Question 32

What is the quantitative measure of the ability of the display system to produce separable images of different points of an object with high fidelity?

Answer 32

spatial resolution

Question 33

Which pattern is used to assess display noise?

Answer 33

TG 18-AFC pattern

Question 34

What additional characteristics can be evaluated besides the ones listed?

Answer 34

Veiling glare, display chromaticity, and reference anatomical images

Question 35

What should QC technologists learn to do?

Answer 35

Acquire and use the TG 18-QC test pattern regularly on each digital display device

Question 36

What are key components of a continuous QC program?

Answer 36

*Medical physicist’s acceptance testing of new devices *Routine QC tests by technologists *Periodic QC program review by physicist *Annual and post-repair performance evaluations.

Question 36

Why are QC records essential?

Answer 36

To track system performance and detect early signs of malfunction