crdr 1

Question 1

primarily responsible for the explosion in computer applications

Answer 1

computer

Question 2

First large-scale radiology application

Answer 2

computed tomography (CT)

Question 3

the transfer of images and patient data to remote locations for interpretation and filling

Answer 3

teleradiology

Question 4

earliest calculating tool, China

Answer 4

Abacus

Question 5

developed mechanical calculator which is a pegged wheel that can perform 4 basic arithmetic

Answer 5

Blaise Pascal and Gottfried Leibniz

Question 6

developed analytical engine that can perform general calculations automatically

Answer 6

Charles Babbage (1842)

Question 7

tabulating machine to record census data in 1890

Answer 7

Herman Hollerith

Question 8

store information as holes on cards that were interpreted by machines with electrical sensors

Answer 8

tabulating machine

Question 9

developed the first electronic digital computer

Answer 9

John Atansoff and Clifford Berry

Question 10

developed the first fully operational working computer built by the British which was designed to crack encrypted German military codes

Answer 10

Colossus

Question 11

first general-purpose modern computer developed at Harvard University (1944)

Answer 11

Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator
or Mark 1

Question 11

an electromechanical device that was exceedingly slow and was prone to malfunction

Answer 11

Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator
or Mark 1

Question 12

first general-purpose electronic computer

Answer 12

ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator)

Question 13

ENIAC is developed by who?

Answer 13

J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly (1946)

Question 13

computer that contained more than 18,000 vacuum tubes that failed at an average rate of one every 7 minutes

Answer 13

ENIAC

Question 14

developed a transistor at Bell Telephone Laboratories

Answer 14

William Shockley (1948)

Question 15

an electronic switch that alternately allows or does not allow electronic signals to pass

Answer 15

transistor

Question 16

It made possible the development of the “stored program” computer and thus the continuing explosion in computer science

Answer 16

transistor

Question 17

developed microprocessor at Intel Corporation

Answer 17

Ted Hoff (1971)

Question 17

they developed the UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer) as the first commercially successful general-purpose stored program electronic digital computer

Answer 17

Eckert and Mauchly (1951)

Question 18

First Generation of computer (1939-1958)

Answer 18

vacuum tube devices

Question 19

based on individually packaged transistors

Answer 19

Second Gen (1958)

Question 20

Third Gen (1964)

Answer 20

used integrated circuits (ICs)

Question 21

a tiny piece of semiconductor material

Answer 21

chip

Question 22

extension of third gen and incorporated large-scale intergration (LSI)

Answer 22

Fourth Gen (1975)

Question 22

continuously varying quantity

Answer 22

Analog

Question 22

Computer Architecture

Answer 22

Hardware and Software

Question 23

uses only two values that vary discretely through coding

Answer 23

Digital

Question 23

visible, tangible, physical components

Answer 23

Hardware

Question 24

programs, tell computer what to do, how, manipulate data

Answer 24

Software

Question 24

Give instruction how to store, manipulate data

Answer 24

computer language

Question 25

Translate what user inputs into series of 1s and 0s that computer can understand

Answer 25

computer language

Question 26

sequence of instructions developed by software programmer

Answer 26

computer programs

Question 27

consists of programs that make it easy for user to operate computer

Answer 27

system software

Question 28

written in higher level language expressly to carry out some user function

Answer 28

application programs

Question 29

archival form of memory (compact disc, flashdrive)

Answer 29

storage

Question 30

converts data to form computer we can use

Answer 30

input hardware

Question 31

translate computer information we can understand

Answer 31

Output Hardware

Question 32

describes the transfer of data from sender to receiver

Answer 32

Communications/Telecommunications

Question 33

transfer of images and patient reports to remote sites

Answer 33

Teleradiology

Question 34

primary element that allow computer to manipulate data and carry out software instructions

Answer 34

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Question 35

two components of CPU

Answer 35

control unit and arithmetic/logic unit (ALU)

Question 35

all components of CPU are connected by an electrical conductor called?

Answer 35

bus

Question 36

working storage of computer

Answer 36

main memory

Question 37

store or accessed at random from anywhere in main memory approximately equal amounts of time regardless of where the data are located

Answer 37

Random Access Memory (RAM)

Question 38

information supplied by manufacturer called firmware

Answer 38

Read-only Memory (ROM)

Question 39

Digital image stored in computer is rectangular in format and made up of small squares

Answer 39

pixels

Question 39

one problem with digital medical images

Answer 39

take up relatively large amount of storage

Question 39

contains series of 1s and 0s defining gray scale or shade of particular point on digital x-ray image

Answer 39

pixel