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radanat 7 Flashcards

1
Q

It is the upper portion of the trunk between the neck and the abdomen.

A

chest or thorax

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2
Q

What are the three sections of the chest radiographic anatomy?

A

Bony thorax
respiratory system proper
mediastinum

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3
Q

It provides a protective framework for the parts of the chest involved with breathing and blood circulation.

A

bony thorax

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4
Q

What are the three divisions of the sternum?

A

Manubrium
body
xiphoid process

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5
Q

What structures make up the superior portion of the bony thorax?

A

clavicles

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6
Q

What structures make up the posterior part of the bony thorax?

A

12 thoracic vertebrae

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7
Q

What is the spinous process of the 7th cervical vertebra, used to determine the central ray (CR) location on a PA chest projection?

A

vertebra prominens

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8
Q

What is the deep notch or depression on the superior portion of the sternum below the thyroid cartilage?

A

jugular notch

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9
Q

Where is the midthorax located?

A

level of T7

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10
Q

What is the inferior tip of the sternum, corresponding to the level of T9/10, and the approximate level of the diaphragm?

A

xiphoid process

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11
Q

Jugular Notch is also called ??

A

Manubrial or Suprasternal Notch

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11
Q

Topographic Positioning Landmarks in chest

A

vertebra prominens
jugular notch

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12
Q

What is the exchange of gaseous substances between the air we breathe and the bloodstream?

A

respiration

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13
Q

What are the four general divisions of the respiratory system?

A

Pharynx
trachea
bronchi
lungs

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13
Q

What is the primary muscle of inspiration?

A

diaphragm

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14
Q

What are the three divisions of the pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

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15
Q

What is the structure or passageway where air must pass through it before entering the respiratory system, which begins with the larynx, or voice box.
- also referred to as the upper airway or the upper respiratory tract

A

pharynx

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16
Q

This acts as a lid for the larynx, preventing food and fluid from entering the larynx and bronchi during swallowing

A

epiglottis

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17
Q

Where is hyoid bone located?

A

in the upper neck just below the tongue or floor of the mouth.

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18
Q

This is part of the digestive system that connects the pharynx with the stomach.
- It begins at the distal end of the laryngopharynx and continues downward to the stomach, posterior to the larynx and trachea.

A

esophagus

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18
Q

What is the cage-like, cartilaginous structure that is located in the anterior portion of the neck?

A

larynx (voice box)

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19
Q

What are the two types of cartilage that form the larynx?

A

Thyroid cartilage
cricoid cartilage

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19
Q

This serves as organ of voice

A

larynx

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19
Q

What is the largest and least mobile of these cartilages, which consists of two used platelike structures that form the anterior wall of the larynx?

A

thyroid cartilages

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20
upper margin and lower margin of larynx is in the level of??
- upper margin = level of C3. - lower margin = level of C6.
20
What is the prominent anterior projection of the thyroid cartilage, located at the level of C5?
laryngeal prominence or the Adam's apple
20
This is a fibrous muscular tube that conducts air from the larynx to the bronchi. It contains C-shaped cartilage rings to keep the airway open.
trachea (windpipe)
20
It is the ring of cartilage that forms the inferior and posterior wall of the larynx.
cricoid cartilage
21
Glands located near the respiratory system:
thyroid gland parathyroid gland thymus glands
21
What gland is a vascular organ that is located anteriorly in the neck region just below the larynx, with its right and left lateral lobes lying on each side and distal to the proximal trachea?
thyroid gland
22
thyroid gland is more RADIOSENSITIVE than many other body structures or organs.
wala
22
One unique feature of the thyroid gland
ability to store certain hormones and release them slowly to aid in the regulation of body metabolism
23
What gland is small, round glands that are embedded in the posterior surface of the lateral lobes of the thyroid gland?
parathyroid gland
24
What gland is located just inferior to the thyroid gland?
thymus gland
25
major branches of the aortic arch
Brachiocephalic artery left common carotid artery left subclavian artery
26
primary bronchi is also known as the right and left main stem bronchi
wala
26
What is the large vein draining blood from the head, neck, and upper limbs and returning it to the heart?
superior vena cava
27
a specific prominence or ridge of the lowest tracheal cartilage at the point, located at the approximate level of T5.
carina
27
How do the right and left primary bronchi differ in terms of size and shape?
* right primary bronchus = wider, shorter, and more vertical * left bronchus = smaller in diameter, longer, and more horizontal.
27
right and left bronchus size:
right bronchus = 2.5 cm long and 1.3 cm in diameter. - Divergent angle = 25° left bronchus = 5cm long and 1.1 cm in diameter - divergent angle = 37°
28
Lungs' lobes
right lungs = 3 lobes left lungs = 2 lobes
28
2 deep fissures of right lung
oblique fissure horizontal fissure
29
Lungs are composed of a light, spongy, highly elastic substance called ___????
parenchyma
30
What substance allows for the breathing mechanism responsible or expansion and contraction of the lungs, which brings oxygen into and removes carbon dioxide from the blood through the thin walls of the alveoli?
parenchyma
31
Each lung is contained in a delicate double-walled sac, or membrane called ___?
pleura
32
What is the outer layer of this pleural sac lines the inner surface of the chest wall and diaphragm?
parietal pleura
33
What is the inner layer that covers the surface of the lungs, also dipping into the fissures between the lobes?
pulmonary or visceral pleura
33
What is the potential space between the double-walled pleura, contains a lubricating fluid that allows movement of one or the other during breathing?
pleural cavity
34
Air or gas present in this pleural cavity results in a condition called a ___? wherein air or gas pressure in the pleural cavity may cause the lung to collapse.
pneumothorax
34
Accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity (pleural effusion) creates a condition called a _____?
hemothorax
34
It refers to the extreme outermost lower corner of each lung, where the diaphragm meets the ribs.
costophrenic angle
34
This is also known as the root region, is the central area of each lung, where the bronchi, blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves enter and leave the lungs.
hilum (hilus)
35
The medial portion of the thoracic cavity between the lungs
mediastinum
36
Four radiographically important structures located in the mediastinum are the:
*thymus gland * heart and great vessels * trachea * esophagus
37
It is located behind the upper sternum, is said to be a temporary organ because it is very prominent in infancy and reaches its maximum size of about 40 g at puberty, then gradually decreases in size until it almost disappears in adulthood.
thymus gland
38
The heart and the roots of the great vessels are enclosed in a double-walled sac called ______??
pericardial sac
39
heart is located ???
posterior to sternum anterior to T5 to T8
39
great vessels in the mediastinum are the:
* inferior vena cava & superior vena cava * aorta * large pulmonary arteries & veins.
40
large vein that returns blood to the heart from the upper half of the body.
superior vena cava
40
large vein that returns blood from the lower half of the body.
inferior vena cava
40
largest artery in the body (1 to 2 inches [2.5 to 5 cm] in diameter
aorta
41
It carries blood to all parts o the body through its various branches
aorta
41
3 parts of aorta:
* ascending aorta * arch of the aorta * descending aorta
42
These supply blood and return blood to and from all segments of the lungs.
pulmonary arteries and veins
43
goodluck panot

CLYDE (16 decks)

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