cranium Flashcards
1
Q
walls of the orbital cavity
A
- roof: orbital plate of frontal bone, G and L wings of sphenoid
- floor: maxillary bone, orbital process of palatine bone
- medial wall: lacrimal bone and fossa anteriorly, ethmoid, lesser wing and body posteriorly
- lateral wall: zygomatic bone anteriorly and GW of sphenoid posteriorly
2
Q
fissures and grooves in orbital cavity
A
- superior orbital fissure on sphenoid
- optic canal
- infraorbital groove
- inferior orbital fissure: communication between oral cavity and infra-temporal fossa on lateral aspect
3
Q
nasal cavity
A
- nasal bones: internasal suture
- anterior and posterior openings
- medial wall: septum dividing cavities :vertical plate of ethmoid and vomer
- roof: horizontal plate of ethmoid
- ethmoid forms two lateral masses: middle conchae
- inferior concha: independent bone
- floor: hard palette formed anteriorly by the maxillary and posteriorly by palatine bone
4
Q
foramina on frontal aspect
A
- supraorbital foramen on frontal bone
- infraorbital foramen on maxilla
- zygomaticofascial foramen
- mental foramen
5
Q
mandible
A
- central body, angle, ramus, masseteric tuberosity
- coronoid process for temporal muscle
- condylar process for temperomandibular joint
- mandibular notch
- mental protuberance and foramina
- internal: mandibular foramen
- lingua: process for attachment of ligament
- inferiorly: terigoid tuberosity for terigoid muscle
6
Q
lateral view
A
- nasal, lacrimal, frontal, maxilla, mandible, zygomatic, sphenoid, squamous temporal, parietal, occipital
- PTERION
- external aspect of temporal bone: plate, timpanic part, mastoid process
- mandibular cavity
- petrous part: styloid and mastoid process
- temperomandibular joint
- squamous temporal bone: superior and inferior temporal lines: temporal fossa
- external occipital protuberance
7
Q
temperomandibular joint
A
- temporal bone and mandible
- condylar: flexion and extension, retraction and protraction, small lateral movements
- articular fibrocartilage disc divides in two: bicondylar: increase movements
- condylar process of mandible and mandibular fossa of temporal bone
- 3 ligaments:
lateral temperomandibular: intrinsic: supports capsule: from temp to condylar process - medial: sphenomandibular: extrinsic: GW to lingua
- lateral: stylomandibular: extrinsic: styloid process to mandible above angle
8
Q
infratemporal fossa
A
- inferior to temporal bone
- lateral wall: ramus of mandible and zygomatic arch
- medial wall: sphenoid GW
- anterior: maxilla
- open inferiorly
9
Q
pterygopalatine fossa
A
- Anterior: Posterior wall of the maxillary sinus.
- Posterior: Pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone.
- Inferior: Palatine bone and palatine canals.
- Superior: Inferior orbital fissure of the eye.
- Medial: Perpendicular plate of the palatine bone
- Lateral: Pterygomaxillary fissure
- connected to orbital cavity through infraorbital fissure
10
Q
skull landmarks
A
- Glabella (frontal bone protrusion)
- Nasion (fronto-nasal s.)
- Bregma (frontoparietal s.)
- Lambda (parieto-occipital s.)
- Pterion (sphenoparietal s.+frontal and temporal b. )
- Asterion (parieto-temporal-occipitals.)
- Inion (occipital protuberance)
11
Q
inferior view: anterior region
A
- until horizontal plate of palatine bone
- centrally: hard palette: incisive foramen, palatine foramina: bordered by superior alveolar arch
- top of inter-maxillary suture: posterior nasal spine
- laterally: maxillary bone: infraorbital foramen, zygomaticomaxillary suture
12
Q
inferior view: middle region
A
- until anterior border of foramen magnum
- centrally: posterior nasal openings, posterior inferior septum completed by vomer, basilar part of occipital bone:pharyngeal tubercle
- laterally: sphenoid: pterygoid processes: medial and lateral plate,fossa, hamulus, mandibular fossa, zygomatic arch
- posteriorly:4 foramina: medial and lateral line
medial: - anterior: laserum
- posterior: carotid canal
lateral line: - anterior: oval
- posterior: spinosum
- jugular foramen: - posterior foramen laserum - on temporal bone
13
Q
inferior view: posterior region
A
- centrally: foramen magnus, condylar foramina, hypoglossal foramen, condylar fossa
- laterally: styloid and mastoid process of temporal bone, stylomastoid foramen, mastoid notch
- squamus part of occipital bone: vertical crest: external occipital crest stops at external occipital protuberance
- two parallel lines: inferior nuchal line crosses crest at midpoint, superior nuchal line crosses through protuberance
14
Q
anterior fossa
A
- anteriorly squamus part of frontal bone to lesser wings posteriorly
- foramen cecum
- frontal crest
- crista gali
- cribriform plate
- anterior part of cella tursica
- prechiasmatic groove
- anterior clinoid process
- laterally: horizontal plates of frontal bones
15
Q
middle fossa
A
- from wings and chiasmatic groove to curve: superior border of petrous part of temporal bone
- dorsum of cella tursica+tuberculum:hypopyseal fossa
- posterior clinoid process to complete saddle
- superior orbital fissure: middle fossa x orbital cavity, division between wings
- foramen rotundum - ovale - spinosum: lateral line of foramina in middle fossa
- basilar part of occipital
- clivus: brainstem
- anterior apex of pyramid of petrous part: laserum
- posterior apex: carotid canal (not vertical)
- grooves: petrous sinuses: vessels
