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ANATOMY > Cranial nerves and Spinal nerves > Flashcards

Cranial nerves and Spinal nerves Flashcards

1
Q

How many cranial muscles

A

12

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2
Q

Olfactory nerve 1

A

Sensory nerve for smell
On the ethmoid bone
No muscles innervations

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3
Q

Optic nerve 2

A

Sensory nerve for vision/ sight
Transfer visual information

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4
Q

Oculomotor nerve 3

A

Motor nerve for eye movement
Innervates the following muscles:
Medial Rectus, Superior Rectus, Inferior Rectus, Inferior Oblique and Levator Palpebrae Superioris.
Pupil constriction and accommodation

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5
Q

Trochlear Nerve 4

A

Motor nerve for eye movements
Innervates the superior oblique muscle

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6
Q

Trigeminal Nerve 5

A

Mixed nerve for sensation of the face and control of chewing movements
Innervated with muscles of mastication
Masseter, Temporalis, Medial Pterygoid and Lateral Pterygoid.
Anterior belly of digastric muscle
Has mandibular division, maxillary division and ophthalmic division.

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7
Q

Abducens Nerve 6

A

Motor nerve for eye movements
Innervate with the lateral rectus muscle

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8
Q

Facial Nerve 7

A

Mixed nerve for sensation of taste and control of expressions, facial secretions
Innervates with temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular and cervical muscles
Lacrimal and salivary glands

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8
Q

Vestibulocochlear nerve 8

A

Sensory nerve for hearing and equilibrium
Attached to cochlear

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8
Q

Glossopharyngeal Nerve 9

A

Mixed nerve with diverse sensory and motor functions for head, neck, and thorax.
Innervates with stylopharyngeus muscle
Posterior third of the tongue

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9
Q

Vagus nerve 10

A

Mixed nerve for taste, gastrointestinal, swallowing, sensation, and control of various organs.
Heart: Slows the heart rate.
Lungs: Constricts the bronchi.
Digestive Tract: Stimulates peristalsis and secretion.
Other: Innervates glands and smooth muscles in the thorax and abdomen.

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9
Q

Accessory. Spinal Nerve 11

A

Motor nerve for swallowing, head, neck, and shoulder movements
Innervates with sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles

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10
Q

Hypoglossal nerve 12

A

Motor nerve controlling movements of the tongue
Innervates with extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue
Genioglossus muscle, Hyoglossus muscle, Styloglossus muscle

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11
Q

OH OH OH To Touch And Feel Very Green Vegetable AH

A
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12
Q

Functions of spinal cord

A

Conduction- sensory information ascends and motor commands descend
Neural integration- processing of info from interneurons
Locomotion- coordinate simple repetitive movements
Reflexes- Involuntary stereotyped responses to stimuli

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13
Q

Spinal meninges

A

dura mater= outer layer, superficial
arachnoid mater= middle layer
pia matter= inner layer, deep

14
Q

Section of spinal cord

A

Dorsal columns - white matter
Ventral horn- gray matter

15
Q

White matter of the spinal cord

A

Mixture of nerve fibers, neuroglia, and blood vessels.

16
Q

Types of Fibers

A

Sensory, motor and association

17
Q

Mixed nerve

A

afferent and efferent fibers

18
Q

first order neurons

A

carry signals from the periphery to the spinal cord

19
Q

Second-order neurons

A

Carry signals from the spinal cord to the thalamus

20
Q

Third- order neurons

A

carry signals from the thalamus to the primary sensory cortex

21
Q

Nerve

A

several axons wrapped by connective tissue
endoneurium wraps one axon
perineurium wraps a fascicle of axons
epineurium wraps entire nerve

22
Q

Ganglion

A

Cluster of cell bodies outside the CNS
root- to spinal cord
rami- away from spinal cord

23
Q

Cervical Plexus C1-C4

A

-Hypoglossal nerve (motor neuron)
-lesser occipital nerve- somatosensory
-great auricular nerve- somatosensory
-transverse cervical nerve- somatosensory
-Ansa cervicalis- motor, innervates with omohyoid, sternohyoid and sternothyroid
-Supraclavicular nerves- somatosensory
-Phrenic nerve- mixed, innervation with diaphragm

24
Q

Brachial Plexus C5-C8, T1

A

Axillary nerve
musculocutaneous nerve
radial nerve
ulnar nerve
median nerve

25
Q

Lumbar plexus
Interested in getting lunch on friday

A

Illiohypogastric nerve- mixed
illoinguinal nerve- mixed
Genitofemoral nerve- mixed
Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve- somatosensory
Obturator nerve- mixed
Femoral nerve- mixed

26
Q

Sacral and Coccygeal Plexuses
L4-L5, S1-S5, Co1

A

Superior gluteal nerve
Inferior gluteal nerve
Sciatic nerve
Common fibular nerve
Tibial nerve
Posterior cutaneous nerve
Pudendal nerve

27
Q

Spinal nerve are connected to spinal cord by

A

Posterior and anterior roots

28
Q

Visceral reflex

A

Glands, cardiac muscle and smooth muscle acetylcholine, norepinephrine
Controlled by autonomic nervous system

29
Q

Somatic reflex

A

Skeletal muscles acetylcholine
controlled by somatic nervous system

30
Q

Least likely to cause a spinal cord injury

A

Fracture of vertebrae L4

ANATOMY (10 decks)

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