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Z Year3 Clinical Examinations > Cranial Nerve 2 > Flashcards

Cranial Nerve 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are 3 subdivisions of trigeminal nerve?

A
  1. Ophthalmic: V1
  2. Maxillary: V2
  3. Mandibular: V3
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2
Q

What is function of opthalamic nerve?

A

sensory information from:

  1. scalp
  2. forehead
  3. nose
  4. upper eyelid
  5. conjunctiva
  6. cornea of the eye
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3
Q

What is function of maxillary nerve?

A
  • sensory information from
    1. lower eyelid
    2. cheek
    3. nares
    4. upper lip
    5. upper teeth
    6. gums
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4
Q

What is sensory function of mandibular nerve?

A
  • sensory information from
    1. chin
    2. jaw
    3. lower lip
    4. mouth
    5. lower teeth
    6. gums.
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5
Q

What is the motor function of the mandibular nerve?

A
  • to the
    1. muscles of mastication (masseter, temporal muscle and the medial/lateral pterygoids)
    2. tensor tympani
    3. tensor veli palatini
    4. mylohyoid
    5. digastric
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6
Q

What muscle does raised eyebrows test?

A

assesses frontalis

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7
Q

What muscle does closed eyes assess?

A

orbicular oculi

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8
Q

What muscle does blown out cheeks assess?

A

orbicularis oris

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9
Q

What muscle does smiling assess?

A

levator anguli oris and zygomaticus major

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10
Q

What muscle does pursed lips assess?

A

orbicularis oris and buccinator

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11
Q

What can facial nerve palsy present with?

A

unilateral weakness of the muscles of facial expression

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12
Q

What does facial nerve palsy caused by LMN lesion present with?

A

weakness of all ipsilateral muscles of facial expression, due to the loss of innervation to all muscles on the affected side

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13
Q

What is most common cause of lower motor neuron facial palsy?

A

Bell’s palsy

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14
Q

How does facial nerve palsy caused by UMN lesion?

A

unilateral facial muscle weakness

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15
Q

What muscle is spared in facial palsy caused by UMN lesion and why?

A

upper facial muscles partially spared because of bilateral cortical representation (resulting in forehead/frontalis function being somewhat maintained)

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16
Q

What is most common cause of UMN lesion facial palsy?

A

stroke

17
Q

What vibration is tuning fork in Rinne’s?

A

512Hz

18
Q

What is Rinne’s positive?

A

can hear the sound suggests air conduction is better than bone conduction, which is what would be expected in a healthy individual

19
Q

What is normal result of Rinne’s?

A

air conduction > bone conduction (Rinne’s positive)

20
Q

What is sensorineural deafness with Rinne’s test?

A

air conduction > bone conduction (Rinne’s positive) – due to both air and bone conduction being reduced equally

21
Q

What is conductive deafness in Rinne’s?

A

bone conduction > air conduction (Rinne’s negative)

22
Q

What is normal result with Weber’s?

A

sound is heard equally in both ears

23
Q

What is the sensorineural deafness in Weber’s?

A

sound is heard louder on the side of the intact ear

24
Q

What is conductive deafness in Weber’s?

A

sound is heard louder on the side of the affected ear

25
Q

What is conductive hearing loss?

A

sound is unable to effectively transfer at any point between the outer ear, external auditory canal, tympanic membrane and middle ear (ossicles)

26
Q

What are causes of conductive hearing loss?

A
  1. excessive ear wax
  2. otitis externa
  3. otitis media
  4. perforated tympanic membrane
  5. otosclerosis
27
Q

What is sensorineural hearing loss?

A

due to dysfunction of the cochlea and/or vestibulocochlear nerve

28
Q

What are the causes of sensorineural hearing loss?

A
  1. increasing age (presbycusis)
  2. excessive noise exposure
  3. genetic mutations
  4. viral infections (e.g. cytomegalovirus)
  5. ototoxic agents (e.g. gentamicin)
29
Q

What is the motor function of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

stylopharyngeus muscle which elevates the pharynx during swallowing and speech

30
Q

What is the sensory function of glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

transmits sensory information that conveys taste from the posterior third of the tongue

31
Q

What do the visceral sensory fibres of glossopharyngeal nerve do?

A

mediate the afferent limb of the gag reflex

32
Q

What is the motor function of the vagus nerve?

A

to several muscles of the mouth which are involved in the production of speech and the efferent limb of the gag reflex

33
Q

What is the motor function of accessory nerve?

A

sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles

34
Q

What is the motor function of the hyopglossal nerve?

A

to the extrinsic muscles of the tongue (except for palatoglossus which is innervated by the vagus nerve)

35
Q

What does hypoglossal nerve palsy look like?

A
  1. atrophy of the ipsilateral tongue

2. deviation of the tongue when protruded towards the side of the lesion

36
Q

What causes hypoglossal nerve palsy?

A

due to the overaction of the functioning genioglossus muscle on the unaffected side of the tongue

Z Year3 Clinical Examinations (33 decks)

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