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CPCE/NCE Prep > Counseling and Helping Relationships (2/6) > Flashcards

Counseling and Helping Relationships (2/6) Flashcards

Rapid fire info on counseling theories

1
Q

Psychoanalytic therapy

Basic philosophy

A

humans are determined by psychic energy and by early experiences

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2
Q

Psychoanalytic therapy

Basic philosophy

A

unconscious motives and conflicts are central in present behavior

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3
Q

Psychoanalytic therapy

Basic philosophy

A

early development is of critical importance because later personality problems have their roots in repressed childhood conflicts

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4
Q

Psychoanalytic therapy

Key concepts

A

normal personality development is based on successful resolution and integration of psychosexual development

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5
Q

Psychoanalytic therapy

Key concepts

A

faulty personality development is the result of inadequate resolution of some specific stage

anxiety is a result of repression of basic conflicts

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6
Q

Psychoanalytic therapy

Key concepts

A

unconscious processes are centrally related to current behavior

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7
Q

Adlerian therapy

Basic philosophy

A

humas are motivated by:
- social interest
- striving toward goals
- inferiority and superiority
- dealing with tasks of life

eros: life instinct
Thanatos: death instinct

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8
Q

Adlerian therapy

Basic philosophy

A

emphasis is on the individual’s positive capacities to live in society cooperatively

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9
Q

Adlerian therapy

Basic philosophy

A

people have capacity to interpret, influence, create events

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10
Q

Adlerian therapy

Basic philosophy

A

each person at an early age creates a unique style of life, which tends to remain relatively constant throughout life

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11
Q

Adlerian therapy

Key concepts

A
  • unity of personality
  • need to view people from their subjective perspective
  • importance of life goals that give direction to behavior
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12
Q

Adlerian therapy

Key concepts

A

people are motivated by social interest and by finding goals to give life meaning

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13
Q

Adlerian therapy

Key concepts

A
  • striving for significance and superiority
  • developing unique lifestyle
  • understanding family constellation
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14
Q

Adlerian therapy

Key concepts

A

therapy is a matter of providing encouragement and assisting clients in changing their cognitive perspective and behavior

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15
Q

Existential therapy

Basic philosophy

A

central focus is the nature of the human condition, which includes:
- a capacity for self-awareness
- freedom of choice to decide one’s fate
- responsibility
- anxiety
- search for meaning
- being alone and being in relation with others
- striving for authenticity
- facing living and dying

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16
Q

Existential therapy

Key concepts

A

essentially an experiential approach to counseling rather than a firm theoretical model

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17
Q

Existential therapy

Key concepts

A

stresses core human conditions

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18
Q

Existential therapy

Key concepts

A

interest is on the present and on what one is becoming

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19
Q

Existential therapy

Key concepts

A

approach is future oriented and stresses self-awareness before action

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20
Q

Person-Centered Therapy

Basic philosophy

A

positive view of people; we have an inclination toward becoming fully functioning

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21
Q

Person-Centered Therapy

Basic philosophy

A

in therapeutic relationship, the client experiences feelings that were previously denied to awareness

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22
Q

Person-Centered Therapy

Basic philosophy

A

the client moves toward increased awareness, spontaneity, trust in self, inner-directedness

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23
Q

Person-Centered Therapy

Key concepts

A

the client has the potential to become aware of problems and the means to resolve them

faith is placed in the client’s capacity for self-direction

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24
Q

Person-Centered Therapy

Key concepts

A

mental health is a conguence of ideal self and real self

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25
Q

Person-Centered Therapy

Key concepts

A

maladjustment is the result of a discrepancy between what one wants to be and what one is

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26
Q

Person-Centered Therapy

Key concepts

A

in therapy, attention is given to the present moment and on experiencing and expressing feelings

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27
Q

Gestalt therapy

Basic philosophy

A

the person strives for wholeness and integration of thinking, feeling, behaving

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28
Q

Gestalt therapy

Basic philosophy

A

key concepts:
- contact with self/others
- contact boundaries
- awareness

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29
Q

Gestalt therapy

Basic philosophy

A

nondeterministic - the person is viewed as having the capacity to recognize how early influences are related to present difficulties

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30
Q

Gestalt therapy

Basic philosophy

A

experiential approach - grounded in here and now and emphasizes awareness, personal choice, responsibility

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31
Q

Gestalt therapy

Key concepts

A

emphasis on the ‘what’ and ‘how’ of experiencing in the here and now to help clients accept all aspects of themselves

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32
Q

Gestalt therapy

Key concepts

A
  • holism
  • figure-formation process
  • awareness
  • unfinished business
  • avoidance
  • contact
  • energy
33
Q

Behavior therapy

Basic philosophy

A

behavior is the product of learning

34
Q

Behavior therapy

Basic philosophy

A

we are both the product and the producer of the environment

35
Q

Behavior therapy

Basic philosophy

A

traditional behavior therapy is based on classical/operant conditioning

36
Q

Behavior therapy

Basic philosophy

A

contemporary behavior therapy has branched out in many directions, including mindfulness and acceptance approaches

37
Q

Behavior therapy

Key concepts

A
  • overt behavior
  • precision in specifying goals of treatment
  • development of specific treatment plans
  • objective evaluation of therapy outcomes
38
Q

Behavior therapy

Key concepts

A

present behavior is given attention

39
Q

Behavior therapy

Key concepts

A

therapy is based on principles of learning theory

40
Q

Behavior therapy

Key concepts

A

normal behavior is learned through reinforcement and imitation

41
Q

Behavior therapy

Key concepts

A

abnormal behavior is result of faulty learning

42
Q

Cognitive Behavior Therapy

Basic philosophy

A

individuals tend to incorporate faulty thinking, which leads to emotional and behavioral disturbances

43
Q

Cognitive Behavior Therapy

Basic philosophy

A

cognitions are the major determinants of how we feel and act

44
Q

Cognitive Behavior Therapy

Basic philosophy

A

therapy is primarily oriented toward cognition and behavior, and it stresses the role of thinking, deciding, questioning, doing, redeciding

45
Q

Cognitive Behavior Therapy

Basic philosophy

A

psychoeducational model, emphasizing therapy as a learning process, including acquiring/practicing new skills, learning new ways of thinking, acquiring more effective ways of coping with problems

46
Q

Cognitive Behavior Therapy

Key concepts

A

although psychological problems may be rooted in childhood, they are reinforced by present ways of thinking

47
Q

Cognitive Behavior Therapy

Key concepts

A

a person’s belief system and thinking is the primary cause of disorders

48
Q

Cognitive Behavior Therapy

Key concepts

A

internal dialogue plays a central role in one’s behavior

49
Q

Cognitive Behavior Therapy

Key concepts

A

clients focus on examining faulty assumptions and misconceptions and on replacing these with effective beliefs

50
Q

Choice Theory/Reality Therapy

Basic philosophy

A

based on choice theory, assumes that we need quality relationships to be happy

51
Q

Choice Theory/Reality Therapy

Basic philosophy

A

psychological problems are the result of our resisting the control by others or of our attempt to control others

52
Q

Choice Theory/Reality Therapy

Basic philosophy

A

choice theory is an explanation of human nature and to best achieve satisfying interpersonal relationships

53
Q

Choice Theory/Reality Therapy

Key concepts

A

the basic focus is on what clients are doing and how to get them to evaluate whether their present actions are working for them

54
Q

Choice Theory/Reality Therapy

Key concepts

A

people are mainly motivated to satisfy their needs, especially the need for significant relationships

55
Q

Choice Theory/Reality Therapy

Key concepts

A

the approach rejects the medical model, concept of transference, unconscious, dwelling on one’s past

56
Q

Feminist Therapy

Basic philosophy

A

feminists criticize many traditional theories to the degree that they are based on gender-biased concepts, such as being androcentric, gendercentric, ethnocentrist, heterosexist, intrapsychic

57
Q

Feminist Therapy

Basic philosophy

A

constructs include:
- being gender fair
- flexible
- interactionist
- life-span oriented

58
Q

Feminist Therapy

Basic philosophy

A

gender and power are important concepts

59
Q

Feminist Therapy

Basic philosophy

A

systems approach that recognizes the cultural, social, political factors that contribute to a person’s problems

60
Q

Feminist Therapy

Key concepts

A
  • the personal is political
  • therapists have a commitment to social change
  • women’s voices and ways of knowing are valued and women’s experiences are honored
  • the counseling relationship is egalitarian
  • therapy focuses on strengths and a reformulated definition of psychological distress
  • all types of oppression are recognized
61
Q

Postmodern Approaches

Basic philosophy

A

based on the premise that there are multiple realities and multiple truths, it rejects the idea that reality is external and can be grasped

62
Q

Postmodern Approaches

Basic philosophy

A

people create meaning in their lives through conversations with others

63
Q

Postmodern Approaches

Basic philosophy

A
  • avoids pathologizing clients
  • takes a dim view of diagnosis
  • avoid searching for underlying causes of problems
  • ## place a high value on discovering clients’ strengths and resources
64
Q

Postmodern Approaches

Basic philosophy

A

rather than talking about problems, focus is on creating solutions in the present and future

65
Q

Postmodern Approaches

Key concepts

A

therapy tends to be brief and addresses the present and the future

66
Q

Postmodern Approaches

Key concepts

A

the person is not the problem; the problem is the problem

67
Q

Postmodern Approaches

Key concepts

A

emphasis is on externalizing the problem and looking for exceptions to the problem

68
Q

Postmodern Approaches

Key concepts

A

therapy consists of a collaborative dialogue in which the therapist and the client co-create solutions

69
Q

Postmodern Approaches

Key concepts

A

by identifying instances when the problem did not exist, clients can create new meanings for themselves and fashion a new life story

70
Q

Family Systems Therapy

Basic philosophy

A

family is viewed from a systematic and interactive perspective

71
Q

Family Systems Therapy

Basic philosophy

A

clients are connected to a living system; a change in one part of the system will result in a change in other parts

72
Q

Family Systems Therapy

Basic philosophy

A

family provides the context for understanding how individuals function in relationship to others and how they behave

73
Q

Family Systems Therapy

Basic philosophy

A

treatment deals with the family unit

74
Q

Family Systems Therapy

Basic philosophy

A

an individual’s dysfunctional behavior grows out of the interactional unit of the family and out of larger systems as well

75
Q

Family Systems Therapy

Key concepts

A

focus is on communication patterns within a family - both verbal and nonverbal

76
Q

Family Systems Therapy

Key concepts

A

problems in relationships are likely to be passed on from generation to generation

77
Q

Family Systems Therapy

Key concepts

A

Key concepts vary depending on specific orientation but include:
- differentiation
- triangles
- power coalitions
- family-of-origin dynamics
- functional vs. dysfunctional interaction patterns
- dealing with the here-and-now interactions

78
Q

Family Systems Therapy

Key concepts

A

the present is more important than exploring past experiences

CPCE/NCE Prep (18 decks)

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