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CPCE/NCE Prep > Counseling and Helping Relationships (2/6) > Flashcards

Counseling and Helping Relationships (2/6) Flashcards

Rapid fire info on counseling theories

1
Q

Psychoanalytic therapy

Basic philosophy

A

humans are determined by psychic energy and by early experiences

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2
Q

Psychoanalytic therapy

Basic philosophy

A

unconscious motives and conflicts are central in present behavior

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3
Q

Psychoanalytic therapy

Basic philosophy

A

early development is of critical importance because later personality problems have their roots in repressed childhood conflicts

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4
Q

Psychoanalytic therapy

Key concepts

A

normal personality development is based on successful resolution and integration of psychosexual development

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5
Q

Psychoanalytic therapy

Key concepts

A

faulty personality development is the result of inadequate resolution of some specific stage

anxiety is a result of repression of basic conflicts

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6
Q

Psychoanalytic therapy

Key concepts

A

unconscious processes are centrally related to current behavior

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7
Q

Adlerian therapy

Basic philosophy

A

humas are motivated by:
- social interest
- striving toward goals
- inferiority and superiority
- dealing with tasks of life

eros: life instinct
Thanatos: death instinct

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8
Q

Adlerian therapy

Basic philosophy

A

emphasis is on the individual’s positive capacities to live in society cooperatively

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9
Q

Adlerian therapy

Basic philosophy

A

people have capacity to interpret, influence, create events

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10
Q

Adlerian therapy

Basic philosophy

A

each person at an early age creates a unique style of life, which tends to remain relatively constant throughout life

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11
Q

Adlerian therapy

Key concepts

A
  • unity of personality
  • need to view people from their subjective perspective
  • importance of life goals that give direction to behavior
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12
Q

Adlerian therapy

Key concepts

A

people are motivated by social interest and by finding goals to give life meaning

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13
Q

Adlerian therapy

Key concepts

A
  • striving for significance and superiority
  • developing unique lifestyle
  • understanding family constellation
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14
Q

Adlerian therapy

Key concepts

A

therapy is a matter of providing encouragement and assisting clients in changing their cognitive perspective and behavior

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15
Q

Existential therapy

Basic philosophy

A

central focus is the nature of the human condition, which includes:
- a capacity for self-awareness
- freedom of choice to decide one’s fate
- responsibility
- anxiety
- search for meaning
- being alone and being in relation with others
- striving for authenticity
- facing living and dying

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16
Q

Existential therapy

Key concepts

A

essentially an experiential approach to counseling rather than a firm theoretical model

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17
Q

Existential therapy

Key concepts

A

stresses core human conditions

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18
Q

Existential therapy

Key concepts

A

interest is on the present and on what one is becoming

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19
Q

Existential therapy

Key concepts

A

approach is future oriented and stresses self-awareness before action

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20
Q

Person-Centered Therapy

Basic philosophy

A

positive view of people; we have an inclination toward becoming fully functioning

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21
Q

Person-Centered Therapy

Basic philosophy

A

in therapeutic relationship, the client experiences feelings that were previously denied to awareness

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22
Q

Person-Centered Therapy

Basic philosophy

A

the client moves toward increased awareness, spontaneity, trust in self, inner-directedness

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23
Q

Person-Centered Therapy

Key concepts

A

the client has the potential to become aware of problems and the means to resolve them

faith is placed in the client’s capacity for self-direction

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24
Q

Person-Centered Therapy

Key concepts

A

mental health is a conguence of ideal self and real self

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25
# Person-Centered Therapy Key concepts
maladjustment is the result of a discrepancy between what one wants to be and what one is
26
# Person-Centered Therapy Key concepts
in therapy, attention is given to the present moment and on experiencing and expressing feelings
27
# Gestalt therapy Basic philosophy
the person strives for wholeness and integration of thinking, feeling, behaving
28
# Gestalt therapy Basic philosophy
key concepts: - contact with self/others - contact boundaries - awareness
29
# Gestalt therapy Basic philosophy
nondeterministic - the person is viewed as having the capacity to recognize how early influences are related to present difficulties
30
# Gestalt therapy Basic philosophy
experiential approach - grounded in here and now and emphasizes awareness, personal choice, responsibility
31
# Gestalt therapy Key concepts
emphasis on the 'what' and 'how' of experiencing in the here and now to help clients accept all aspects of themselves
32
# Gestalt therapy Key concepts
- holism - figure-formation process - awareness - unfinished business - avoidance - contact - energy
33
# Behavior therapy Basic philosophy
behavior is the product of learning
34
# Behavior therapy Basic philosophy
we are both the product and the producer of the environment
35
# Behavior therapy Basic philosophy
traditional behavior therapy is based on classical/operant conditioning
36
# Behavior therapy Basic philosophy
contemporary behavior therapy has branched out in many directions, including mindfulness and acceptance approaches
37
# Behavior therapy Key concepts
- overt behavior - precision in specifying goals of treatment - development of specific treatment plans - objective evaluation of therapy outcomes
38
# Behavior therapy Key concepts
present behavior is given attention
39
# Behavior therapy Key concepts
therapy is based on principles of learning theory
40
# Behavior therapy Key concepts
normal behavior is learned through reinforcement and imitation
41
# Behavior therapy Key concepts
abnormal behavior is result of faulty learning
42
# Cognitive Behavior Therapy Basic philosophy
individuals tend to incorporate faulty thinking, which leads to emotional and behavioral disturbances
43
# Cognitive Behavior Therapy Basic philosophy
cognitions are the major determinants of how we feel and act
44
# Cognitive Behavior Therapy Basic philosophy
therapy is primarily oriented toward cognition and behavior, and it stresses the role of thinking, deciding, questioning, doing, redeciding
45
# Cognitive Behavior Therapy Basic philosophy
psychoeducational model, emphasizing therapy as a learning process, including acquiring/practicing new skills, learning new ways of thinking, acquiring more effective ways of coping with problems
46
# Cognitive Behavior Therapy Key concepts
although psychological problems may be rooted in childhood, they are reinforced by present ways of thinking
47
# Cognitive Behavior Therapy Key concepts
a person's belief system and thinking is the primary cause of disorders
48
# Cognitive Behavior Therapy Key concepts
internal dialogue plays a central role in one's behavior
49
# Cognitive Behavior Therapy Key concepts
clients focus on examining faulty assumptions and misconceptions and on replacing these with effective beliefs
50
# Choice Theory/Reality Therapy Basic philosophy
based on choice theory, assumes that we need quality relationships to be happy
51
# Choice Theory/Reality Therapy Basic philosophy
psychological problems are the result of our resisting the control by others or of our attempt to control others
52
# Choice Theory/Reality Therapy Basic philosophy
choice theory is an explanation of human nature and to best achieve satisfying interpersonal relationships
53
# Choice Theory/Reality Therapy Key concepts
the basic focus is on what clients are doing and how to get them to evaluate whether their present actions are working for them
54
# Choice Theory/Reality Therapy Key concepts
people are mainly motivated to satisfy their needs, especially the need for significant relationships
55
# Choice Theory/Reality Therapy Key concepts
the approach rejects the medical model, concept of transference, unconscious, dwelling on one's past
56
# Feminist Therapy Basic philosophy
feminists criticize many traditional theories to the degree that they are based on gender-biased concepts, such as being androcentric, gendercentric, ethnocentrist, heterosexist, intrapsychic
57
# Feminist Therapy Basic philosophy
constructs include: - being gender fair - flexible - interactionist - life-span oriented
58
# Feminist Therapy Basic philosophy
gender and power are important concepts
59
# Feminist Therapy Basic philosophy
systems approach that recognizes the cultural, social, political factors that contribute to a person's problems
60
# Feminist Therapy Key concepts
- the personal is political - therapists have a commitment to social change - women's voices and ways of knowing are valued and women's experiences are honored - the counseling relationship is egalitarian - therapy focuses on strengths and a reformulated definition of psychological distress - all types of oppression are recognized
61
# Postmodern Approaches Basic philosophy
based on the premise that there are multiple realities and multiple truths, it rejects the idea that reality is external and can be grasped
62
# Postmodern Approaches Basic philosophy
people create meaning in their lives through conversations with others
63
# Postmodern Approaches Basic philosophy
- avoids pathologizing clients - takes a dim view of diagnosis - avoid searching for underlying causes of problems - place a high value on discovering clients' strengths and resources -
64
# Postmodern Approaches Basic philosophy
rather than talking about problems, focus is on creating solutions in the present and future
65
# Postmodern Approaches Key concepts
therapy tends to be brief and addresses the present and the future
66
# Postmodern Approaches Key concepts
the person is not the problem; the problem is the problem
67
# Postmodern Approaches Key concepts
emphasis is on externalizing the problem and looking for exceptions to the problem
68
# Postmodern Approaches Key concepts
therapy consists of a collaborative dialogue in which the therapist and the client co-create solutions
69
# Postmodern Approaches Key concepts
by identifying instances when the problem did not exist, clients can create new meanings for themselves and fashion a new life story
70
# Family Systems Therapy Basic philosophy
family is viewed from a systematic and interactive perspective
71
# Family Systems Therapy Basic philosophy
clients are connected to a living system; a change in one part of the system will result in a change in other parts
72
# Family Systems Therapy Basic philosophy
family provides the context for understanding how individuals function in relationship to others and how they behave
73
# Family Systems Therapy Basic philosophy
treatment deals with the family unit
74
# Family Systems Therapy Basic philosophy
an individual's dysfunctional behavior grows out of the interactional unit of the family and out of larger systems as well
75
# Family Systems Therapy Key concepts
focus is on communication patterns within a family - both verbal and nonverbal
76
# Family Systems Therapy Key concepts
problems in relationships are likely to be passed on from generation to generation
77
# Family Systems Therapy Key concepts
Key concepts vary depending on specific orientation but include: - differentiation - triangles - power coalitions - family-of-origin dynamics - functional vs. dysfunctional interaction patterns - dealing with the here-and-now interactions
78
# Family Systems Therapy Key concepts
the present is more important than exploring past experiences

CPCE/NCE Prep (18 decks)

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