Coronavirus Flashcards
Human coronavirus was not known before 2020
F
Recombination between coronaviruses is frequent
T
Frequently mutations:
Recombination
Recombination between coronaviruses is rare
F
Frequently mutations
Recombination
Coronaviruses are of two origin: bird or bat
T
Human coronaviruses usually cause death
F
Coronaviruses are enveloped viruse
T
BCoV can cause haemagglutination
T
- also HeCoV + CRCoV
IBV can cause haemagglutination
F
- BCoV
- HeCoV
- CRCoV
PDCoV can cause haemagglutination
F
- BCoV
- HeCoV
- CRCoV
CCoV can cause haemagglutination
F
- BCoV
- HeCoV
- CRCoV
TGEV can cause haemagglutination
F
- BCoV
- HeCoV
- CRCoV
FIPV can cause haemagglutination
F
- BCoV
- HeCoV
- CRCoV
HeCoV can cause haemagglutination
T
PEDV can cause haemagglutination
F
- BCoV
- HeCoV
- CRCoV
Coronaviruses can survive for months in the environment
F
- 2-6 days
Coronaviruses frequently mutate and recombine
T
Frequently mutations: Recombination
Coronaviruses have a weak physical resistance
T
In the case of transmissible encephalopathies always degenerative lesions can be see
T
In the case of transmissible encephalopathies meningoencephalitis is a typical postmortem
lesion
F
Typical sign of TGE is vomiting and diarrhoea
T
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea: yellowish, watery, characteristic odor
- Loss of appetite
TGE virus does not reach the mammary gland
F
TGE virus can replicate in the lung
T
Virus replication: epithelial cells of lungs or
intestines (jejunum)
The colostral immunity against TGE protects the piglets from the disease
T
The antibodies against porcine respiratory coronavirus protect the pigs against TGE
T
TGE virus does not reach foetuses
T
TGE virus does not cause haemagglutination in vitro
T
It can get into the milk, but not to the fetus
TGE virus can cause haemagglutination in vitro
F
- NO haemagglutination
TGE can cause 100% mortality in newborn piglet
T
Newborn up to 10 days → 100% mortality
2-3 week-old → 20% mortality
TGE virus causes respiratory signs in piglets
F
- vomiting
- diarrhoea
- loss of appetite
The pathology of TGE is not characteristic
T
Not typical
TGE virus does not cause dehydration
F
- weight loss
- diarrhea
- vomiting
The pathognomonic sign of TGE is necrosis in the large intestine.
F
- Dilated stomach and intestines, full of undigested milk
- Mucosa inflammation (fundus)
- Foamy, yellowish, undigested bowel content
TGE virus can replicate in the intestine
T
Porcine transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) is completely eradicated in Europe
F
- USA
- Japan
- England
Everywhere except tropical regions
TGE causes 100% mortality in sows
F
- newborn : 100% mortality
The incubation time of TGE is usually 5-7 days.
F
1-2 days
TGE virus infects the digestive and the respiratory systems
T
TGEV is widespread and fully replaced porcine epidemic diarrhoea (PED) virus
F
Porcine respiratory coronavirus induces cross-protection against PED.
F
Today TGE occurs in an enzootic form
T
The characteristic symptoms of TGE are vomiting and diarrhoea
T
TGE infects only swine
F
mainly pigs,
Dog, fox and mouse can shed the virus, and will be seropositive, but there
is no disease
TGE virus causes high morbidity
T
Transmissible gastroenteritis is the more severe in piglets than in adult swine
T
newborn: 100% mortality
The mortality caused by transmissible gastroenteritis of swine is the highest among old
sows
F
- newborn
Transmissible gastroenteritis of swine is a widespread disease, causing high losses in Europe
F
The lesions of transmissible gastroenteritis of swine are in the gastric mucosa and in the small intestine
T
Transmissible gastroenteritis of pigs is more frequent in the tropical countries that the
moderate climate
F
Everywhere except tropical regions
During winter
There is no cross protection between transmissible gastroenteritis vines and the pulmonary coronavirus of pigs
F
Transmissible gastroenteritis virus can cause clinical disease only in pigs
T
it says clinical disease:
Dog, fox and mouse can shed the virus, and will be seropositive, but there
is no disease
Transmissible gastroenteritis virus spreads rapidly in the herd
T
The epizootic TGEV spreads rapidly.
T
The epizootic TGEV can cause disease mainly in winter
T
The epizootic TGEV can be transmitted with milk
T
The epizootic TGEV does not cause viraemia.
F
Transmissible gastroenteritis virus provides cross protection to hemagglutinating
coronavirus
F
- NO hemagglutinating
TGE mainly cause croupous pneumonia
F
TGE replaces the respiratory corona virus
F
TGE appears in Hungary
T
TGE causes 100% mortality in susceptible piglets under 1 week of age
T
- upp to 10 days
Porcine transmissible gastroenteritis is completely eradicated in Europe
F
PED is similar to TGE
T
The incubation time of TGE is usually 1-3 days
T
Incubation period: 1-2 days
It is detectable in intestines
and lungs for months
TGE virus infects the digestive and the respiratory system
T
Only pigs are susceptible to TGE infection
F
Dog, fox and mouse can shed the virus, and will be seropositive, but there
is no disease
Maternal immunity is essential against TGE infection of piglets
T
Today TGE occurs in epizootic form
T
TGE is completely eradicated in Europe
F
Everywhere except tropical regions
Transmissible gastroenteritis is usually asymptomatic in adults
T
Transmissible gastroenteritis virus can cause clinical signs in dogs.
F
The Porcine respiratory coronavirus has been evolved from the Transmissible gastroenteritis
virus
T
Porcine respiratory coronavirus induces cross-protection from transmissible gastroenteritis.
T
TGE infection is devastating at any age
F
- newborns
The incubation period of TGE can be as short as 8 hours
F
Incubation period: 1-2 days
Pig has betacoronavirus
T
HECoV (pig)
Pigs has only alphacoronavirus
F
- Alphacoronavirus
- Betacoronavirus
- Deltacoronavirus
The porcine coronavirus may be avian virus
T
The antibodies against porcine respiratory coronavirus protect the pigs against porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus
F
Mutations and recombinations do not occur in swine coronaviruses
F
PRCoV usually causes pneumonia
F
- Oro-nasal infection
- Upper and lower respiratory tract, small intestines
Porcine respiratory coronavirus causes acute pneumonia in susceptible piglets
F
Porcine respiratory coronavirus reduced the prevalence of porcine epidemic diarrhoea
F
- Oro-nasal infection
- Upper and lower respiratory tract, small intestines
Porcine respiratory coronavirus induces cross protection from TGE
T
Swine pulmonary corona virus has a high mortality by pneumonia
F
Porcine respiratory coronavirus is a modification of the Hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus
F
PRCoV gives cross protection against TGEV
T
PDCoV causes symptoms in pigs
T
Porcine respiratory coronavirus causes acute pneumonia in susceptible piglets.
F
Porcine epidemic diarrhea can cause clinical signs in older animals
T
At all age (piglets too)
The virus causing porcine epidemic diarrhea can replicate in the colon
T
PEDV also occurs in Europe.
T
The porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus causes disease in calf
F
- pigs
Porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus can cause disease in humans
F
The virus causing porcine epidemic diarrhoea can replicate in the heart muscle of the foetus
F
- Infects epithelium of large intestines
- Occasional replication in crypts
Porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus causes more severe symptoms in adult than in young piglets
F
Porcine epidemic diarrhoea is present only in Africa and in the Middle East
F
- America and Asia
Porcine epidemic diarrhoea usually resembles TGE
T
Porcine epidemic diarrhoea can be transmitted by infected dogs and cat
F
Porcine epidemic diarrhoea frequently occurs in Europe
F
- America and Asia
PHEV gets to central nervous system via the peripheral nerves
T
PHEV causes diarrhoea
F
- vomiting
- constipation
- Henry pigs
- piglets are unable to suck
Hemagglutination encephalomyelitis virus infects young pigs
T
Hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus is typically vectored by mosquitoes
F
Hemagglutinating coronavirus can cause encephalomyelitis in suckling piglets
T
Hemagglutinating coronavirus can cause severe diarrhoea in sows
F
- vomiting
- constipation
- Henry pigs
- piglets are unable to suck
Hemagglutinating coronavirus/Ontario Disease is sporadic in Hungary
T
- widespread
Hemagglutinating coronavirus of pigs is frequently causing malabsorption in sows
F
The hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus multiplicate in hematopoietic stem cells of the bone marrow
F
replication in the respiratory tract, epithelial cells in the intestines (jejunum)
Hemagglutinating coronavirus is present worldwide
T
The occurrence of coronavirus encephalomyelitis of piglets is usually sporadic
T
Deltacoronavirus of pigs is a bat virus
F
Deltacoronavirus of pigs is an avian virus
T
Bovine coronavirus is generally spreading in summer
F
can occur throughout the year
The bovine coronavirus is of avian origin
F
Bovine coronavirus is betacoronavirus
T
Bovine coronavirus is alphacoronavirus
F
- betacoronavirus
Bovine coronavirus does not cause haemagglutination in vitro
F
hemagglutination:
- BCoV
- HECoV
- CRCoV
Bovine coronavirus remains at the place of the primary replication, and it does not cause
viraemia
F
- occur viraemia
Bovine coronavirus is generally spreading in winter
T
Certain bovine coronaviruses can cause diarrhoea in children.
F
Bovine coronaviruses usually infect the respiratory and the digestive systems.
T
- Calfs up to 3 weeks: CALF DIARRHEA (CD)
Bovine corona virus causes diarrhoea in adult animals mainly in summer
F
- Calfs up to 3 weeks: CALF DIARRHEA (CD)
Bovine corona virus can cause respiratory problems
T
Cattle can be infected with coronavirus per os
T
Cattle can be infected with coronavirus by inhalation
T
Bovine coronavirus can infect humans
F
Bovine coronaviruses causes mainly respiratory and enteric diseases
T
Certain bovine coronaviruses can affect humans causing clinical signs
F
Coronaviruses mainly cause central nervous disease in cattle
F
Calves can be protected against coronavirus diarrhoea by vaccinations of pregnant cows
T
Mortality of calf enteral coronavirus is high
T
Bovine coronaviruses can cause diarrhoea only in calves up to one month of age
F
Coronavirus diarrhoea occurs in young calves between a few days and 3-4 weeks of age
T
Coronavirus dysentery in calves can be observed up to 3 weeks of age
T
Coronavirus can cause enteritis in calves typically on the first week of life
T
Calf coronavirus diarrhoea is characterized by several respiratory signs
F
- watery diarrhea
- weakness
- diarrhoea
Mortality of calf respiratory coronavirus is high
F
Bovine coronaviruses may cause respiratory signs in calves
T
- respiratory
- GI
Winter diarrhoea mainly affects dairy herds
T
Bovine coronavirus can cause diarrhoea in adult animals
T
Coronaviruses cause winter diarrhoea in dairy cows with haemorrhagic access.
T
There are no vaccines for the prevention of coronaviral diarrhoea in cattle.
F
Winter dysentery causes symptoms in younger age (up to 6 months of age)
F
Nov-Apr after calving
Coronaviruses cause winter diarrhoea in dairy cows
T
Surviving winter dysentery gives permanent protection only against homologous infection.
T- file unsure
Dogs have only one type of coronavirus
F
- CCoV I és II
- CRCoV
The canine coronavirus is a zoonotic agent
F
Canine coronavirus can always cause enteral disease
F
There is a vaccine against canine coronavirus
T
Canine coronavirus (CCOV-1) causes diarrhoea in young, susceptible dogs
T
Canine coronaviruses frequently cause encephalitis and hepatitis in puppies
F
Canine alphacoronavirus type II may cause haemorrhagic disease in 1-2-month-old pups
T
Canine coronavirus are only present in North America
F
Present worldwide
Canine coronavirus vaccines effectively protect from any Canine coronavirus infection
F
CCoV-IIa infections are endemic worldwide
F
Canine enteral coronavirus and porcine coronavirus are genetically closely relative
F
Dog enteral coronavirus: some strains can cause haemorrhagic diseases in some visceral
organs
T
Canine coronavirus-2 infections are characterized by haemorrhagic diarrhoea in puppies
T
There are no protective vaccines available against Canine enteric coronavirus
F
Canine pantropic coronavirus is an agent of kennel cough
F
- similar to the FIP
Canine pantropic coronavirus causes subnormal temperature
F
Fever (39.5°C–40°C),
Canine pantropic coronaviruses damage only the mucous membranes
F
- lungs
- liver
- LN
- blood vessels
Canine pantropic coronaviruses causes high fever
T
Fever (39.5°C–40°C),
Pantropic canine coronavirus infections are endemic worldwide
F
Pantropic canine coronavirus causes a mild respiratory disease in suckling dogs
F
50-60 days old:
- fever
- vomiting
- lympocytopenia
- nasal discharge
- neurologic signs
The canine respiratory coronavirus belongs to a different group than enteral coronavirus
T
- Betacoronaviridae
Canine respiratory coronavirus and human coronaviruses are genetically very distant
relatives in all cases
F
Canine respiratory coronavirus and bovine coronaviruses are genetically closely relatives
T
Canine respiratory coronavirus infection results cross-protection against CCOV-I
F
In suckling dogs CCoV-II infection causes respiratory disease
F
Canine coronavirus is part of kennel cough
T
The FIP is a pathotype of feline coronavirus
T
Almost all cat vaccines contain antibodies against FIP
F
The wet form of FIP is II. type of hypersensitivity
F
- Type III hypersensitivity
The dry form of FIP is I. type of hypersensitivity
F
- Type IV hpersensitivity
The dry form of FIP is IV. type of hypersensitivity
T
FIP is an incurable disease
T
FIP is caused by jackal coronavirus.
F
feline coronavirus (FCoV)
FIP responds well to antibiotic treatment.
F
Most animals infected with feline coronavirus develop FIP
F
Cats can be vaccinated against feline coronavirus, but protection against FIP is not effective
T
The dry form of FIP is I. type of hypersensitivity
F
- Type IV hpersensitivity
The feline coronavirus causes viraemia only in FIP
F
- FECoV
- FIPV
The feline coronavirus is usually an enteric disease
T
The feline coronavirus is a zoonotic agent
F
Feline enteric coronavirus (FECOV) can only infect Felidae
T
Feline enteric coronaviruses may infect dogs
F
- only feline
Feline infectious peritonitis viruses form a single serotype
F
- 2 serotypes
Feline enteric coronavirus infection usually causes sudden death of queens
F
In the background of FIP can be immunopathological processes
T
FIP causes infection only in cats younger than 1 year of age.
F
- cat and other Felidae
Feline corona virus does not have a long infection/carrier time
F
Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) develops only in adult cats (over 1 year of age)
F
Decreased serum albumin/globulin ratio may indicate FIP
T
Feline enteric coronavirus usually causes severe, haemorrhagic enteritis in kittens
F
Cell-mediated hypersensitivity plays a major role in the background of non-effusive feline
infectious peritonitis
T
All species of Felidae are susceptible to feline coronaviruses
T
Coronaviruses can cause asymptomatic infection in cats
T
Feline coronaviruses can cause mild watery diarrhoea.
T
Feline infectious peritonitis is an acute disease, it appears after a 2-3 days long incubation
F
Feline coronavirus is a recombinant canine virus
T
Feline enteric coronavirus causes FIP in 5-10% of cases
T
FIPV 5%
FECV 95%
FIP mainly infects with faeces.
T
Feline enteric coronavirus (FECoV) can only infect Felidae
T
Feline infectious peritonitis viruses from a single serotype.
F
- 2 serotypes
Effusive FIP is the result of a type 3 hypersensitivity reaction.
T
Feline enteric coronavirus infection usually causes sudden death of queens
F
Feline enteric coronavirus infection of cats is very common
T
Vaccine effectively protects from feline infectious peritonitis
F
Feline coronavirus has two serotypes, both having two pathotypes.
T
FECoV infection usually causes acute haemorrhagic enteritis.
F
The Feline enteric coronavirus usually does not cause severe enteritis
T
FIP forms because of immunotolerance
F
In the presence of high-titer antibody level, infectious peritonitis cannot develop in cats
T
Avian coronaviruses provide long lasting yolk-immunity
F
Inactivated vaccine against IBV can be used any ages.
T but file unsure
A clinical sign of IBV can be nephritis
T
Nephropathogen: nephritis/nephrosis, arthritis
IBV has nephropathogenic strains
T
Infectious bronchitis virus causes tracheitis and pneumonia in chicken below 6 weeks of age
T
The eggs are not infected infectious bronchitis virus
T
No vertical transmission, the eggs are not infected
IBV, the most important route is the germinative route
F
IBV, have a wide range of serotypes including many variant strains
T
IBV, cause stunting growth when embryonated egg is infected.
F
No vertical transmission, the eggs are not infected
IBV is an arterivirus
F
Gammacoronavirus
Mortality of IBV is high every ages.
F
Mortality depends on age, environment, coinfections
Mortality of IBV depends on the coinfections
T
IBV causes swollen oviducts in chicken
T
Mortality of IBV depends on the age
T
IBV can cause soft-shelled egg
T
IBV cannot cause viraemia
F
The Infectious Bursitis Virus IBDV is inactivated within 1-2 days in the environment
F
inactivated within 5-6 days at the hatchery
Infectious bronchitis viruses belong into 3 distinct serotypes
F
Infectious bronchitis virus damages the ovaries only in hens.
F
- Egg peritonitis
- Degeneration of the ovary
- Swollen oviducts
Infectious bronchitis virus can cause renal problems
T
Infectious bronchitis virus can cause inflammatory lesions in the oviduct of chicken
T
Infections bronchitis virus vaccines are used against turkey enteritis
F
Infectious bronchitis virus can cause severe respiratory signs in young chicken
F in file- mild
Infectious bronchitis virus can damage the oviduct.
T
Infectious bronchitis can spread very slowly in the flock causing chronic disease.
F
There are no vaccines for the prevention of infectious bronchitis of chicken.
F
- attenuated
- inactivated
Infectious bronchitis virus of chicken is a uniform virus without any types of variant
F
There is no germinative infection in the case of infectious bronchitis of chicken
T
Infectious bronchitis virus replicates in the epithelial cells of the trachea and bronchi
T
Infectious bronchitis virus can result in damaged or abnormal shell formation
T
- soft shell
Infectious bronchitis has a lot of serotypes
T
Infectious bronchitis viruses may have different organ tropism
T
Germinative route is the most important in the transmission of infectious bronchitis
F
Inactivated vaccines can be used against infectious bronchitis
T
. inactivated and attenuated
Attenuated vaccines can be used against infectious bronchitis.
T
- inactivated and attenuated
Infectious bronchitis viruses form 2 distinct serotypes
F
Infectious bronchitis viruses have a wide range of serotypes including many variants
T
The clinical signs of Infectious bronchitis and Newcastle disease may be similar
T
Coronavirus can cause diarrhoea in turkeys
T
Turkey corona virus does not cause strong diarrhoea and causes no necrosis
F
Turkey enteritis is characterized by age-dependent mortality rates.
T
Vaccination of turkey breeding flocks against Turkey enteritis virus is mandatory
F
