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EPI Final PQ > Coronavirus > Flashcards

Coronavirus Flashcards

1
Q

Human coronavirus was not known before 2020

A

F

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2
Q

Recombination between coronaviruses is frequent

A

T

Frequently mutations:
Recombination

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3
Q

Recombination between coronaviruses is rare

A

F

Frequently mutations
Recombination

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4
Q

Coronaviruses are of two origin: bird or bat

A

T

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5
Q

Human coronaviruses usually cause death

A

F

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6
Q

Coronaviruses are enveloped viruse

A

T

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7
Q

BCoV can cause haemagglutination

A

T

  • also HeCoV + CRCoV
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8
Q

IBV can cause haemagglutination

A

F

  • BCoV
  • HeCoV
  • CRCoV
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9
Q

PDCoV can cause haemagglutination

A

F

  • BCoV
  • HeCoV
  • CRCoV
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10
Q

CCoV can cause haemagglutination

A

F

  • BCoV
  • HeCoV
  • CRCoV
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11
Q

TGEV can cause haemagglutination

A

F

  • BCoV
  • HeCoV
  • CRCoV
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12
Q

FIPV can cause haemagglutination

A

F

  • BCoV
  • HeCoV
  • CRCoV
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13
Q

HeCoV can cause haemagglutination

A

T

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14
Q

PEDV can cause haemagglutination

A

F

  • BCoV
  • HeCoV
  • CRCoV
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15
Q

Coronaviruses can survive for months in the environment

A

F

  • 2-6 days
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16
Q

Coronaviruses frequently mutate and recombine

A

T

Frequently mutations: Recombination

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17
Q

Coronaviruses have a weak physical resistance

A

T

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18
Q

In the case of transmissible encephalopathies always degenerative lesions can be see

A

T

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19
Q

In the case of transmissible encephalopathies meningoencephalitis is a typical postmortem
lesion

A

F

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20
Q

Typical sign of TGE is vomiting and diarrhoea

A

T

  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea: yellowish, watery, characteristic odor
  • Loss of appetite
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21
Q

TGE virus does not reach the mammary gland

A

F

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22
Q

TGE virus can replicate in the lung

A

T

Virus replication: epithelial cells of lungs or
intestines (jejunum)

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23
Q

The colostral immunity against TGE protects the piglets from the disease

A

T

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24
Q

The antibodies against porcine respiratory coronavirus protect the pigs against TGE

A

T

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25
Q

TGE virus does not reach foetuses

A

T

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26
Q

TGE virus does not cause haemagglutination in vitro

A

T

It can get into the milk, but not to the fetus

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27
Q

TGE virus can cause haemagglutination in vitro

A

F

  • NO haemagglutination
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28
Q

TGE can cause 100% mortality in newborn piglet

A

T

Newborn up to 10 days → 100% mortality

2-3 week-old → 20% mortality

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29
Q

TGE virus causes respiratory signs in piglets

A

F

  • vomiting
  • diarrhoea
  • loss of appetite
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30
Q

The pathology of TGE is not characteristic

A

T

Not typical

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31
Q

TGE virus does not cause dehydration

A

F

  • weight loss
  • diarrhea
  • vomiting
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32
Q

The pathognomonic sign of TGE is necrosis in the large intestine.

A

F

  • Dilated stomach and intestines, full of undigested milk
  • Mucosa inflammation (fundus)
  • Foamy, yellowish, undigested bowel content
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33
Q

TGE virus can replicate in the intestine

A

T

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34
Q

Porcine transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) is completely eradicated in Europe

A

F

  • USA
  • Japan
  • England
    Everywhere except tropical regions
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35
Q

TGE causes 100% mortality in sows

A

F

  • newborn : 100% mortality
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36
Q

The incubation time of TGE is usually 5-7 days.

A

F

1-2 days

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37
Q

TGE virus infects the digestive and the respiratory systems

A

T

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38
Q

TGEV is widespread and fully replaced porcine epidemic diarrhoea (PED) virus

A

F

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39
Q

Porcine respiratory coronavirus induces cross-protection against PED.

A

F

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40
Q

Today TGE occurs in an enzootic form

A

T

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41
Q

The characteristic symptoms of TGE are vomiting and diarrhoea

A

T

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42
Q

TGE infects only swine

A

F

mainly pigs,
Dog, fox and mouse can shed the virus, and will be seropositive, but there
is no disease

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43
Q

TGE virus causes high morbidity

A

T

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44
Q

Transmissible gastroenteritis is the more severe in piglets than in adult swine

A

T

newborn: 100% mortality

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45
Q

The mortality caused by transmissible gastroenteritis of swine is the highest among old
sows

A

F

  • newborn
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46
Q

Transmissible gastroenteritis of swine is a widespread disease, causing high losses in Europe

A

F

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47
Q

The lesions of transmissible gastroenteritis of swine are in the gastric mucosa and in the small intestine

A

T

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48
Q

Transmissible gastroenteritis of pigs is more frequent in the tropical countries that the
moderate climate

A

F

Everywhere except tropical regions

During winter

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49
Q

There is no cross protection between transmissible gastroenteritis vines and the pulmonary coronavirus of pigs

A

F

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50
Q

Transmissible gastroenteritis virus can cause clinical disease only in pigs

A

T

it says clinical disease:

Dog, fox and mouse can shed the virus, and will be seropositive, but there
is no disease

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51
Q

Transmissible gastroenteritis virus spreads rapidly in the herd

A

T

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52
Q

The epizootic TGEV spreads rapidly.

A

T

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53
Q

The epizootic TGEV can cause disease mainly in winter

A

T

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54
Q

The epizootic TGEV can be transmitted with milk

A

T

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55
Q

The epizootic TGEV does not cause viraemia.

A

F

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56
Q

Transmissible gastroenteritis virus provides cross protection to hemagglutinating
coronavirus

A

F

  • NO hemagglutinating
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57
Q

TGE mainly cause croupous pneumonia

A

F

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58
Q

TGE replaces the respiratory corona virus

A

F

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59
Q

TGE appears in Hungary

A

T

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60
Q

TGE causes 100% mortality in susceptible piglets under 1 week of age

A

T

  • upp to 10 days
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61
Q

Porcine transmissible gastroenteritis is completely eradicated in Europe

A

F

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62
Q

PED is similar to TGE

A

T

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63
Q

The incubation time of TGE is usually 1-3 days

A

T

Incubation period: 1-2 days
It is detectable in intestines
and lungs for months

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64
Q

TGE virus infects the digestive and the respiratory system

A

T

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65
Q

Only pigs are susceptible to TGE infection

A

F

Dog, fox and mouse can shed the virus, and will be seropositive, but there
is no disease

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66
Q

Maternal immunity is essential against TGE infection of piglets

A

T

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67
Q

Today TGE occurs in epizootic form

A

T

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68
Q

TGE is completely eradicated in Europe

A

F

Everywhere except tropical regions

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69
Q

Transmissible gastroenteritis is usually asymptomatic in adults

A

T

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70
Q

Transmissible gastroenteritis virus can cause clinical signs in dogs.

A

F

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71
Q

The Porcine respiratory coronavirus has been evolved from the Transmissible gastroenteritis
virus

A

T

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72
Q

Porcine respiratory coronavirus induces cross-protection from transmissible gastroenteritis.

A

T

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73
Q

TGE infection is devastating at any age

A

F

  • newborns
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74
Q

The incubation period of TGE can be as short as 8 hours

A

F

Incubation period: 1-2 days

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75
Q

Pig has betacoronavirus

A

T

HECoV (pig)

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76
Q

Pigs has only alphacoronavirus

A

F
- Alphacoronavirus
- Betacoronavirus
- Deltacoronavirus

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77
Q

The porcine coronavirus may be avian virus

A

T

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78
Q

The antibodies against porcine respiratory coronavirus protect the pigs against porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus

A

F

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79
Q

Mutations and recombinations do not occur in swine coronaviruses

A

F

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80
Q

PRCoV usually causes pneumonia

A

F

  • Oro-nasal infection
  • Upper and lower respiratory tract, small intestines
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81
Q

Porcine respiratory coronavirus causes acute pneumonia in susceptible piglets

A

F

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82
Q

Porcine respiratory coronavirus reduced the prevalence of porcine epidemic diarrhoea

A

F

  • Oro-nasal infection
  • Upper and lower respiratory tract, small intestines
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83
Q

Porcine respiratory coronavirus induces cross protection from TGE

A

T

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84
Q

Swine pulmonary corona virus has a high mortality by pneumonia

A

F

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85
Q

Porcine respiratory coronavirus is a modification of the Hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus

A

F

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86
Q

PRCoV gives cross protection against TGEV

A

T

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87
Q

PDCoV causes symptoms in pigs

A

T

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88
Q

Porcine respiratory coronavirus causes acute pneumonia in susceptible piglets.

A

F

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89
Q

Porcine epidemic diarrhea can cause clinical signs in older animals

A

T

At all age (piglets too)

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90
Q

The virus causing porcine epidemic diarrhea can replicate in the colon

A

T

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91
Q

PEDV also occurs in Europe.

A

T

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92
Q

The porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus causes disease in calf

A

F

  • pigs
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93
Q

Porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus can cause disease in humans

A

F

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94
Q

The virus causing porcine epidemic diarrhoea can replicate in the heart muscle of the foetus

A

F

  • Infects epithelium of large intestines
  • Occasional replication in crypts
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95
Q

Porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus causes more severe symptoms in adult than in young piglets

A

F

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96
Q

Porcine epidemic diarrhoea is present only in Africa and in the Middle East

A

F
- America and Asia

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97
Q

Porcine epidemic diarrhoea usually resembles TGE

A

T

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98
Q

Porcine epidemic diarrhoea can be transmitted by infected dogs and cat

A

F

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99
Q

Porcine epidemic diarrhoea frequently occurs in Europe

A

F

  • America and Asia
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100
Q

PHEV gets to central nervous system via the peripheral nerves

A

T

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101
Q

PHEV causes diarrhoea

A

F

  • vomiting
  • constipation
  • Henry pigs
  • piglets are unable to suck
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102
Q

Hemagglutination encephalomyelitis virus infects young pigs

A

T

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103
Q

Hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus is typically vectored by mosquitoes

A

F

104
Q

Hemagglutinating coronavirus can cause encephalomyelitis in suckling piglets

A

T

105
Q

Hemagglutinating coronavirus can cause severe diarrhoea in sows

A

F

  • vomiting
  • constipation
  • Henry pigs
  • piglets are unable to suck
106
Q

Hemagglutinating coronavirus/Ontario Disease is sporadic in Hungary

A

T

  • widespread
107
Q

Hemagglutinating coronavirus of pigs is frequently causing malabsorption in sows

A

F

108
Q

The hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus multiplicate in hematopoietic stem cells of the bone marrow

A

F
replication in the respiratory tract, epithelial cells in the intestines (jejunum)

109
Q

Hemagglutinating coronavirus is present worldwide

A

T

110
Q

The occurrence of coronavirus encephalomyelitis of piglets is usually sporadic

A

T

111
Q

Deltacoronavirus of pigs is a bat virus

A

F

112
Q

Deltacoronavirus of pigs is an avian virus

A

T

113
Q

Bovine coronavirus is generally spreading in summer

A

F

can occur throughout the year

114
Q

The bovine coronavirus is of avian origin

A

F

115
Q

Bovine coronavirus is betacoronavirus

A

T

116
Q

Bovine coronavirus is alphacoronavirus

A

F

  • betacoronavirus
117
Q

Bovine coronavirus does not cause haemagglutination in vitro

A

F

hemagglutination:
- BCoV
- HECoV
- CRCoV

118
Q

Bovine coronavirus remains at the place of the primary replication, and it does not cause
viraemia

A

F
- occur viraemia

119
Q

Bovine coronavirus is generally spreading in winter

A

T

120
Q

Certain bovine coronaviruses can cause diarrhoea in children.

A

F

121
Q

Bovine coronaviruses usually infect the respiratory and the digestive systems.

A

T

  • Calfs up to 3 weeks: CALF DIARRHEA (CD)
122
Q

Bovine corona virus causes diarrhoea in adult animals mainly in summer

A

F

  • Calfs up to 3 weeks: CALF DIARRHEA (CD)
123
Q

Bovine corona virus can cause respiratory problems

A

T

124
Q

Cattle can be infected with coronavirus per os

A

T

125
Q

Cattle can be infected with coronavirus by inhalation

A

T

126
Q

Bovine coronavirus can infect humans

A

F

127
Q

Bovine coronaviruses causes mainly respiratory and enteric diseases

A

T

128
Q

Certain bovine coronaviruses can affect humans causing clinical signs

A

F

129
Q

Coronaviruses mainly cause central nervous disease in cattle

A

F

130
Q

Calves can be protected against coronavirus diarrhoea by vaccinations of pregnant cows

A

T

131
Q

Mortality of calf enteral coronavirus is high

A

T

132
Q

Bovine coronaviruses can cause diarrhoea only in calves up to one month of age

A

F

133
Q

Coronavirus diarrhoea occurs in young calves between a few days and 3-4 weeks of age

A

T

134
Q

Coronavirus dysentery in calves can be observed up to 3 weeks of age

A

T

135
Q

Coronavirus can cause enteritis in calves typically on the first week of life

A

T

136
Q

Calf coronavirus diarrhoea is characterized by several respiratory signs

A

F

  • watery diarrhea
  • weakness
  • diarrhoea
137
Q

Mortality of calf respiratory coronavirus is high

A

F

138
Q

Bovine coronaviruses may cause respiratory signs in calves

A

T

  • respiratory
  • GI
139
Q

Winter diarrhoea mainly affects dairy herds

A

T

140
Q

Bovine coronavirus can cause diarrhoea in adult animals

A

T

141
Q

Coronaviruses cause winter diarrhoea in dairy cows with haemorrhagic access.

A

T

142
Q

There are no vaccines for the prevention of coronaviral diarrhoea in cattle.

A

F

143
Q

Winter dysentery causes symptoms in younger age (up to 6 months of age)

A

F

Nov-Apr after calving

144
Q

Coronaviruses cause winter diarrhoea in dairy cows

A

T

145
Q

Surviving winter dysentery gives permanent protection only against homologous infection.

A

T- file unsure

146
Q

Dogs have only one type of coronavirus

A

F

  • CCoV I és II
  • CRCoV
147
Q

The canine coronavirus is a zoonotic agent

A

F

148
Q

Canine coronavirus can always cause enteral disease

A

F

149
Q

There is a vaccine against canine coronavirus

A

T

150
Q

Canine coronavirus (CCOV-1) causes diarrhoea in young, susceptible dogs

A

T

151
Q

Canine coronaviruses frequently cause encephalitis and hepatitis in puppies

A

F

152
Q

Canine alphacoronavirus type II may cause haemorrhagic disease in 1-2-month-old pups

A

T

153
Q

Canine coronavirus are only present in North America

A

F

Present worldwide

154
Q

Canine coronavirus vaccines effectively protect from any Canine coronavirus infection

A

F

155
Q

CCoV-IIa infections are endemic worldwide

A

F

156
Q

Canine enteral coronavirus and porcine coronavirus are genetically closely relative

A

F

157
Q

Dog enteral coronavirus: some strains can cause haemorrhagic diseases in some visceral
organs

A

T

158
Q

Canine coronavirus-2 infections are characterized by haemorrhagic diarrhoea in puppies

A

T

159
Q

There are no protective vaccines available against Canine enteric coronavirus

A

F

160
Q

Canine pantropic coronavirus is an agent of kennel cough

A

F

  • similar to the FIP
161
Q

Canine pantropic coronavirus causes subnormal temperature

A

F

Fever (39.5°C–40°C),

162
Q

Canine pantropic coronaviruses damage only the mucous membranes

A

F
- lungs
- liver
- LN
- blood vessels

163
Q

Canine pantropic coronaviruses causes high fever

A

T

Fever (39.5°C–40°C),

164
Q

Pantropic canine coronavirus infections are endemic worldwide

A

F

165
Q

Pantropic canine coronavirus causes a mild respiratory disease in suckling dogs

A

F

50-60 days old:
- fever
- vomiting
- lympocytopenia
- nasal discharge
- neurologic signs

166
Q

The canine respiratory coronavirus belongs to a different group than enteral coronavirus

A

T

  • Betacoronaviridae
167
Q

Canine respiratory coronavirus and human coronaviruses are genetically very distant
relatives in all cases

A

F

168
Q

Canine respiratory coronavirus and bovine coronaviruses are genetically closely relatives

A

T

169
Q

Canine respiratory coronavirus infection results cross-protection against CCOV-I

A

F

170
Q

In suckling dogs CCoV-II infection causes respiratory disease

A

F

171
Q

Canine coronavirus is part of kennel cough

A

T

172
Q

The FIP is a pathotype of feline coronavirus

A

T

173
Q

Almost all cat vaccines contain antibodies against FIP

A

F

174
Q

The wet form of FIP is II. type of hypersensitivity

A

F

  • Type III hypersensitivity
175
Q

The dry form of FIP is I. type of hypersensitivity

A

F

  • Type IV hpersensitivity
176
Q

The dry form of FIP is IV. type of hypersensitivity

A

T

177
Q

FIP is an incurable disease

A

T

178
Q

FIP is caused by jackal coronavirus.

A

F

feline coronavirus (FCoV)

179
Q

FIP responds well to antibiotic treatment.

A

F

180
Q

Most animals infected with feline coronavirus develop FIP

A

F

181
Q

Cats can be vaccinated against feline coronavirus, but protection against FIP is not effective

A

T

182
Q

The dry form of FIP is I. type of hypersensitivity

A

F

  • Type IV hpersensitivity
183
Q

The feline coronavirus causes viraemia only in FIP

A

F
- FECoV
- FIPV

184
Q

The feline coronavirus is usually an enteric disease

A

T

185
Q

The feline coronavirus is a zoonotic agent

A

F

186
Q

Feline enteric coronavirus (FECOV) can only infect Felidae

A

T

187
Q

Feline enteric coronaviruses may infect dogs

A

F
- only feline

188
Q

Feline infectious peritonitis viruses form a single serotype

A

F
- 2 serotypes

189
Q

Feline enteric coronavirus infection usually causes sudden death of queens

A

F

190
Q

In the background of FIP can be immunopathological processes

A

T

191
Q

FIP causes infection only in cats younger than 1 year of age.

A

F

  • cat and other Felidae
192
Q

Feline corona virus does not have a long infection/carrier time

A

F

193
Q

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) develops only in adult cats (over 1 year of age)

A

F

194
Q

Decreased serum albumin/globulin ratio may indicate FIP

A

T

195
Q

Feline enteric coronavirus usually causes severe, haemorrhagic enteritis in kittens

A

F

196
Q

Cell-mediated hypersensitivity plays a major role in the background of non-effusive feline
infectious peritonitis

A

T

197
Q

All species of Felidae are susceptible to feline coronaviruses

A

T

198
Q

Coronaviruses can cause asymptomatic infection in cats

A

T

199
Q

Feline coronaviruses can cause mild watery diarrhoea.

A

T

200
Q

Feline infectious peritonitis is an acute disease, it appears after a 2-3 days long incubation

A

F

201
Q

Feline coronavirus is a recombinant canine virus

A

T

202
Q

Feline enteric coronavirus causes FIP in 5-10% of cases

A

T

FIPV 5%
FECV 95%

203
Q

FIP mainly infects with faeces.

A

T

204
Q

Feline enteric coronavirus (FECoV) can only infect Felidae

A

T

205
Q

Feline infectious peritonitis viruses from a single serotype.

A

F
- 2 serotypes

206
Q

Effusive FIP is the result of a type 3 hypersensitivity reaction.

A

T

207
Q

Feline enteric coronavirus infection usually causes sudden death of queens

A

F

208
Q

Feline enteric coronavirus infection of cats is very common

A

T

209
Q

Vaccine effectively protects from feline infectious peritonitis

A

F

210
Q

Feline coronavirus has two serotypes, both having two pathotypes.

A

T

211
Q

FECoV infection usually causes acute haemorrhagic enteritis.

A

F

212
Q

The Feline enteric coronavirus usually does not cause severe enteritis

A

T

213
Q

FIP forms because of immunotolerance

A

F

214
Q

In the presence of high-titer antibody level, infectious peritonitis cannot develop in cats

A

T

215
Q

Avian coronaviruses provide long lasting yolk-immunity

A

F

216
Q

Inactivated vaccine against IBV can be used any ages.

A

T but file unsure

217
Q

A clinical sign of IBV can be nephritis

A

T

Nephropathogen: nephritis/nephrosis, arthritis

218
Q

IBV has nephropathogenic strains

A

T

219
Q

Infectious bronchitis virus causes tracheitis and pneumonia in chicken below 6 weeks of age

A

T

220
Q

The eggs are not infected infectious bronchitis virus

A

T

No vertical transmission, the eggs are not infected

221
Q

IBV, the most important route is the germinative route

A

F

222
Q

IBV, have a wide range of serotypes including many variant strains

A

T

223
Q

IBV, cause stunting growth when embryonated egg is infected.

A

F

No vertical transmission, the eggs are not infected

224
Q

IBV is an arterivirus

A

F

Gammacoronavirus

225
Q

Mortality of IBV is high every ages.

A

F

Mortality depends on age, environment, coinfections

226
Q

Mortality of IBV depends on the coinfections

A

T

227
Q

IBV causes swollen oviducts in chicken

A

T

228
Q

Mortality of IBV depends on the age

A

T

229
Q

IBV can cause soft-shelled egg

A

T

230
Q

IBV cannot cause viraemia

A

F

231
Q

The Infectious Bursitis Virus IBDV is inactivated within 1-2 days in the environment

A

F

inactivated within 5-6 days at the hatchery

232
Q

Infectious bronchitis viruses belong into 3 distinct serotypes

A

F

233
Q

Infectious bronchitis virus damages the ovaries only in hens.

A

F

  • Egg peritonitis
  • Degeneration of the ovary
  • Swollen oviducts
234
Q

Infectious bronchitis virus can cause renal problems

A

T

235
Q

Infectious bronchitis virus can cause inflammatory lesions in the oviduct of chicken

A

T

236
Q

Infections bronchitis virus vaccines are used against turkey enteritis

A

F

237
Q

Infectious bronchitis virus can cause severe respiratory signs in young chicken

A

F in file- mild

238
Q

Infectious bronchitis virus can damage the oviduct.

A

T

239
Q

Infectious bronchitis can spread very slowly in the flock causing chronic disease.

A

F

240
Q

There are no vaccines for the prevention of infectious bronchitis of chicken.

A

F

  • attenuated
  • inactivated
241
Q

Infectious bronchitis virus of chicken is a uniform virus without any types of variant

A

F

242
Q

There is no germinative infection in the case of infectious bronchitis of chicken

A

T

243
Q

Infectious bronchitis virus replicates in the epithelial cells of the trachea and bronchi

A

T

244
Q

Infectious bronchitis virus can result in damaged or abnormal shell formation

A

T

  • soft shell
245
Q

Infectious bronchitis has a lot of serotypes

A

T

246
Q

Infectious bronchitis viruses may have different organ tropism

A

T

247
Q

Germinative route is the most important in the transmission of infectious bronchitis

A

F

248
Q

Inactivated vaccines can be used against infectious bronchitis

A

T

. inactivated and attenuated

249
Q

Attenuated vaccines can be used against infectious bronchitis.

A

T

  • inactivated and attenuated
250
Q

Infectious bronchitis viruses form 2 distinct serotypes

A

F

251
Q

Infectious bronchitis viruses have a wide range of serotypes including many variants

A

T

252
Q

The clinical signs of Infectious bronchitis and Newcastle disease may be similar

A

T

253
Q

Coronavirus can cause diarrhoea in turkeys

A

T

254
Q

Turkey corona virus does not cause strong diarrhoea and causes no necrosis

A

F

255
Q

Turkey enteritis is characterized by age-dependent mortality rates.

A

T

256
Q

Vaccination of turkey breeding flocks against Turkey enteritis virus is mandatory

A

F

EPI Final PQ (49 decks)

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