Core Vocabulary Course Theme 7 (Foreign Languages and Travel)

Question 1

Globalisation:

Answer 1

the process of making something such as a business operate in a lot of
different countries all around the world, or the result of this.
جهاني سازي
Globalization is a catch-all term that refers to any activity that involves many countries.
جهاني سازي يك عبارت فراگير است كه به هرفعاليتي كه بسياري از كشورها را درگير مي كند اطلاق مي شود.
The increasing globalization of business makes cross-cultural skills mandatory.
جهاني سازي روبه افزايش تجارت، وجود مهارت هاي چندفرهنگي را ضروري مي سازد
يعني چندفرهنگيmulticultural ياcross-cultural :نكته

Question 2

Transnational:

Answer 2

involving more than one country or existing in more than one country.
چندمليتي
The dramatic increase in transnational travel in recent years has had potential impacts on countries.
افزايش چشمگير در مسافرت هاي چندمليتي در سالهاي اخير تاثيرات بالقوه اي برروي كشورها داشته است.
Due to transnational industrialization the export capacity of both countries increased.
به خاطر صنعتي شدن چندمليتي، ظرفيت صادرات دو كشور افزايش يافت

Question 3

Mutual:

Answer 3

mutual feelings such as respect, trust, or hatred are feelings that two or more
people have for each other
متقابل
Nations can live together with mutual trust.
ملت ها به وسيله يك اعتماد متقابل مي توانند با يكديگر زندگي كنند.
Mutual respect is necessary for any partnership to work.
احترام متقابل براي مشاركت در كار مهم است

Question 4

Inhabitants:

Answer 4

one of the people who live in a particular place.
ساكنين
International travels would never bring conflict because visitors and local inhabitants are
economically motivated.
مسافرت هاي بين المللي باعث تنش نمي شوند زيرا ويزيتورها و ساكنين محلي از نظر اقتصادي انگيزه پيدا ميكنند.
a city of six million inhabitants
شهري با شش ميليون ساكن
نكته: به تفاوت اين كلمات دقت كنيد
نكته: به تفاوت اين كلمات دقت كنيد:
inhabitants
يك شهر، كشور يا يك منطقه، افرادي هستند كه در آنجا زندگي مي كنند.
local inhabitants/local residents/local population
(و يا به صورت غيررسميlocals)
به افرادي كه در يك شهر يا روستا زندگي مي كنند اطلاق مي شود.
Population
كلمه اي است كه به جمعيت افرادي كه در يك منطقه، شهر يا كشور خاص زندگي مي كنند اطلاق
مي شود.
Just ten years ago the town had only 12,000 inhabitants.
The local residents are against the motorway proposal.
Half the world’s population doesn’t have enough to eat.

Question 5

Win over someone:

Answer 5

to get someone’s support or friendship by persuading them or being
nice to them
پشتيباني كسي را كسب كردن
Foreigners should learn the culture of a country before winning over the local people.
خارجيان بايد فرهنگ يك كشور را بياموزند تا بتوانند پشتيباني مردم محلي آنجا را داشته باشند.
We’ll be working hard over the next ten days to win over the undecided voters.
ما ده روز آينده سخت كار خواهيم كرد تا پشتيباني راي دهندگاني كه هنوز تصميم خود را نگرفته اند كسب كنيم

Question 6

Relation:

Answer 6

official connections between countries, companies, organizations etc
ارتباط
Relations between the two countries have improved recently.
ارتباطات بين دو كشور اخيراً بهبود يافته است
Relations between workers and management are generally good.
ارتباطات بين كاركنان و مديريت به صورت كلي خوب است
نكته: به تفاوت اين كلمات دقت كنيد:
(1) :Relation ارتباط بين يك شخص با چيز يا كس ديگر) (2افراد خانواده (به اين معني با relativeمترادف است)
We’ve been studying the relation between gender and income.
She took me back home to meet all her friends and relations.
:Relationship
رفتار يا احساس بين دو شخص، گروه يا كشور
What kind of relationship did you have with your father?
Successful companies know the importance of establishing good relationships with their
customers.
) Relationsهميشه به صورت جمع(
ارتباط يا رفتار متقابل رسمي بين دو گروه يا دو كشور
Relations between the two countries have steadily deteriorated in recent years.
The police are making great efforts to improve relations with the public.
.

Question 7

. Conventions

Answer 7

: behaviour and attitudes that most people in a society consider to be normal
and right
عرف، آداب و رسوم
Visitors disobey rules and conventions simply because they have no knowledge of them.
بازديدكنندگان از قوانين و آداب فقط به اين خاطر سرپيچي مي كنند كه هيچ آگاهي از آنها ندارند

Question 8

Arise:

Answer 8

if a problem, conflict or difficult situation arises, it begins to happen
ناشي شدن، رخ دادن
The increase in the international travel should not be taken as the cause of any conflict that arises between two countries.
افزايش مسافرت هاي بين المللي نبايد به عنوان دليل تنش بوجود آمده بين دو كشور تلقي شود.
They agreed to avoid conflicts arising from involvement in political groups.
آنها توافق كردند تا از تنش بوجود آمده از دخالت در گروه هاي سياسي جلوگيري كنند
نكته: توجه داشته باشيد كه فعل ariseلازم است و مجهول نمي شود. پس ننويسيم:
(WRONG)These problems have been arised as a result of overpopulation.
»> These problems have arisen as a result of overpopulation.

Question 9

Demise of:

Answer 9

the end of something that used to exist.
مرگ…، از بين رفتن…
There is a widespread worry that we will have a demise of countries’ identities.
نگراني گسترده اي وجود دارد كه ما مرگ هويت كشورها را خواهيم ديد.
The imminent demise (=happening soon) of the local newspaper.
از بين رفتن زودهنگام روزنامه محلي

Question 10

Yield:

Answer 10

to produce a result, answer, or piece of information.
نتيجه دادن
Culture can distinguish one country from others, attracting foreign visitors and yielding high
income.
فرهنگ مي تواند يك كشور را از كشورهاي ديگر متمايز كند، ويزيتورهاي خارجي را جذب كرده و درآمد بالايي را نتيجه دهد
Our research has only recently begun to yield important results.
تحقيق ما تازه شروع شده تا نتايج مهمي را نتيجه دهد

Question 11

. Time-honoured + noun:

Answer 11

a time-honoured method or custom is one that has existed for a
long time.
يك روش يا سنت قديمي
Now people are breaking many of their time-honoured traditions.
امروزه افراد در حال شكستن بسياري از سنت هاي قديمي خود هستند.
نكته: از اين عبارت مي توانيد به جاي Oldاستفاده كنيد

Question 12

Undermine:

Answer 12

to gradually make someone or something less strong or effective.
كم كم از بين بردن
Increased interaction between countries in the domains of business and culture can either
strengthen or undermine the identities of countries involved.
تعامل رو به افزايش بين كشورها در حوزه هاي تجارت و فرهنگ مي تواند باعث تقويت يا تحليل هويت كشورهاي درگير شود
Economic policies that threaten to undermine the health care system.
سياست هاي اقتصادي كه سيستم سلامت را تهديد به زوال و تحليل مي كند

Question 13

Incentive

Answer 13

something that encourages you to work harder, start a new activity etc
انگيزه
Providing economic incentives for cultural preservation is one of the main contributions of tourism.
فراهم كردن انگيزه هاي اقتصادي براي حفظ فرهنگ يكي از اصلي ترين مزاياي توريست است.
When prices are so low, farmers have little incentive to increase production.

وقتي قيمت ها پايين باشد، كشاورزان انگيزه كمي براي افزايش توليد دارند
نكته :1اين كلمه در حالت رسمي مترادف
motivationاست.
نكته :2همانطوريكه در مثال اول مي بينيد بهترين فعل براي “انگيزه دادن” provide
است.
نكته :3از كلمه
Contribution
هم مي توانيد به جاي “مزيت” استفاده كنيد.

Question 14

Destination:

Answer 14

the place that someone or something is going to
مقصد
To many tourists, culture and history are what they first consider when choosing a destination.
براي بسياري از توريست ها، فرهنگ و تاريخ اولين چيزهايي هستند كه براي انتخاب مقصد خود در نظر مي گيرند.
Isfahan is a popular tourist destination in my country.
اصفهان يك مقصد توريستي معروف در كشور من است

Question 15

Flock:

Answer 15

if people flock to a place, they go there in large numbers because something
interesting or exciting is happening there
هجوم بردن به جايي )معني مثبت(
When a historic site or a site that shows a country’s cultural heritage is made accessible to the public, visitors from all over the world will soon flock there.
وقتي يك مكان تاريخي و يا مكاني كه ميراث فرهنگي يك كشور را نشان مي دهد براي عموم قابل دسترس باشد،
ويزيتورها از تمام دنيا به آنجا هجوم خواهند آورد.
People have been flocking to the exhibition.
افرادي كه به اين نمايشگاه هجوم آورده اند

Question 16

Indigenous:

Answer 16

indigenous people or things have always been in the place where they are,
rather than being brought there from somewhere
بومي
Torusim can make an indegenous culture known to the world.
توريست مي تواند يك فرهنگ بومي را به دنيا بشناساند.
The many indigenous cultures which existed in Siberia
فرهنگ هاي بومي بسياري كه در سيبري وجود دارد
نكته :1از اين كلمه مي توانيد در حالت رسمي به جاي native
استفاده كنيد.
نكته :2وقتي مي گوييم چيزي
indigenous to
جايي يا كسي است، يعني اصل آن براي آنجاست.
Blueberries are indigenous to America.

Question 17

Cultural heritage:

Answer 17

ideas, customs etc that have existed in a particular society for a long
time
ميراث فرهنگي
Immigrants are at crossroads whether to blend in with the local culture or to cherish their own cultural heritages.
مهاجرين سر اين دو راهي هستند كه با فرهنگ محلي ادغام شوند يا ميراث فرهنگي خود را گرامي مي دارند.
Japan’s unique cultural heritage
ميراث فرهنگي يكتاي ژاپن

Question 18

Merge into:

Answer 18

if two things merge, or if one thing merges into another, you cannot clearly
see them, hear them etc as separate things
ادغام شدن با
Many immigrants, at the first stage of their life in a new country, are faced with merging into the new culture.
بسياري از مهاجرين، در اولين مرحله از زندگي شان در يك كشور جديد با ادغام شدن با فرهنگ جديد روبرو مي
شوند.
She avoided reporters at the airport by merging into the crowds.
او با پيوستن به جمعيت از گزارشگران در فرودگاه اجتناب كرد
نكته: حروف اضافه قابل استفاده براي اين كلمه
merge intoو merge withهستند.
اولين عبارت يعني “پيوستن به” و دومين عبارت يعني “تركيب شدن با”

Question 19

How do birds know when to migrate and how do they find their way back home?
There were no jobs back home so we decided to emigrate.
When jobs became scarce, the number of new immigrants suddenly decreased.
Immigration has decreased in recent years.

Answer 19

نكته :2از فعل Immigrate
(مهاجرت كردن به يك كشور جديد) معمولاً استفاده نمي شود. به جاي آن از فعل
emigrate
و يا اسم هاي آن (مهاجر) immigrant
و immigration (مهاجرت) استفاده كنيد. همچنين توجه كنيد
كه فعل migrate
هم به معني “كوچ كردن” بيشتر در مورد پرنده ها و يا افراد زماني استفاده مي شود كه مرتب
از جايي به جايي ديگر براي غذا يا مكان زندگي كوچ كنند.

Question 20

Culture Shock:

Answer 20

The feeling of being confused or anxious that you get when you visit a
foreign country or a place that is very different from the one you are used to
شوك فرهنگي
India is where I first experienced real culture shock.
هند جايي است كه من واقعاً شوك فرهنگي را در آنجا حس كردم.
Moving to London was a bit of a culture shock after ten years of living in the country.
رفتن به لندن پس از ده سال زندگي در روستا كمي شوك فرهنگ بود

Question 21

Adopt:

Answer 21

to choose a new country, custom etc, especially to replace a previous one
پذيرفتن يك فرهنگ يا آداب و رسوم
Immigrants can adopt local conventions and cherish their own cultures simultaneously.
مهاجرين مي توانند عرف هاي محلي را بپذيرند و همزمان فرهنگ هاي خود را گرامي بدارند.
Becoming a member of a society means adopting its values.
عضوي از يك جامعه بودن يعني پذيرفتن ارزش هاي آن

Question 22

Barrier:

Answer 22

a rule, problem etc that prevents people from doing something, or limits what
they can do.
سد، مانع
In different areas of global communication, such as science and news, recognizing a common language removes communication barriers and increases convenience.
در حوزه هاي مختلفي از ارتباطات جهاني، مثل علوم و اخبار، شناخت يك زبان، موانع ارتباطي را از سر راه برداشته و راحتي را افزايش مي دهد
The removal of communication barriers…
برداشتن موانع ارتباطي

Question 23

. Endanger:

Answer 23

to put someone or something in danger of being hurt, damaged, or destroyed
به خطر انداختن
The rise of a global language would endanger other languages.
پيدايش يك زبان جهاني مي تواند زبان هاي ديگر را به خطر بياندازد.
Smoking during pregnancy endangers your baby’s life.
سيگار كشيدن در زمان بارداري، زندگي كودك را به خطر مي اندازد

Question 24

Minority:

Answer 24

a small group of people or things within a much larger group
اقليت
A global language over time put many minority cultures on the verge of extinction.
يك زبان جهاني در طول زمان بسياري از فرهنگ هاي اقليت را به انقراض مي كشاند.
The teaching of minority languages in schools
آموزش زبان هاي اقليت در مدارس

Question 25

Cultural/Linguistic Diversity:

Answer 25

the fact of including many different types of cultures or
languages
تنوع فرهنگي/زباني
The effects of shrinking cultural diversity are destructive, causing people to live in a simple and
monotonous world and think and act in similar ways.
اثرات كم كردن تنوع فرهنگي مخرب هستند و باعث مي شوند مردم در يك دنياي ساده و يكنواخت زندگي كنند
و به صورت مشابه فكر كرده و عمل كنند.
I have the greatest respect for linguistic diversity.
من بيشترين احترام را براي تنوع زباني قائل هستم

Question 26

Holidaymaking:

Answer 26

tourism
صنعت توريست
The overall impact of international holidaymaking has in fact been negative.
تاثيركلي توريست بين الملل در واقع منفي بوده است.
The town seems so empty in the autumn when all the holidaymakers have gone home.
شهر در پاييز وقتي تمام توريست ها به خانه مي روند به نظر خالي مي رسد.
نكته: در نوشته ها براي تنوع مي توانيد از Holidaymakingبه معني “توريسم” و از Holidaymakerبه معني
“توريست” استفاده كنيد

Question 27

Social Order:

Answer 27

the social situation at a particular time
شرايط اجتماعي موجود
Newcomers should observe the laws of their adopted country for the sake of social order.
تازه واردها بايد قوانين كشور جديد خود را به خاطر شرايط اجتماعي موجود بپذيرند.
The people of South Africa wanted a new social order.
مردم آفريقاي جنوبي خواستار يك شرايط اجتماعي جديد بودند

Question 28

. Social norms:

Answer 28

generally accepted standards of social behaviour
هنجارهاي اجتماعي
Newcomers should respect the social norms of their adopted country.
تازه واردها بايد به هنجارهاي اجتماعي كشور جديد خود احترام بگذارند.
The study of social norms
بررسي هنجارهاي اجتماعي

Question 29

Alienate someone from something:

Answer 29

to make it difficult for someone to belong to a
particular group or to feel comfortable with a particular person
كسي را از چيزي جدا كردن
Cultural diversity undermines a society by alienating people from each other.
تنوع فرهنگي با جدا كردن مردم از يكديگر، يك جامعه را به انحلال مي كشاند.
He felt that his experiences had alienated him from society.
او فكر مي كرد تجربياتش او را از جامعه جدا كرده بود

Question 30

Homogenous:

Answer 30

consisting of people or things that are all of the same type
يك دست، همگن
A strong society is a homogenous society with shared values and goals.
يك جامعه قوي، جامعه اي يكدست است با ارزش ها و اهداف مشترك
A homogeneous society
يك جامعه همگن

Question 31

Frontier:

Answer 31

the border of a country.
مرز
In the future frontier between countries become increasingly blurred.
در آينده مرز بين كشورها بيشتر و بيشتر كمرنگ مي شود.
Many of the cars crossing the frontier were stopped and searched.
بسياري از ماشين هايي كه از مرز مي گذشتند، متوقف شده و بازرسي ميشدند

Question 32

Anthropology:

Answer 32

the scientific study of people, their societies, and their cultures.
انسان شناسي
When the time comes for anthropologists to turn their attention to the 21st century, they will
surely choose the label ‘Legless Man’ because in this century, people have forgot how to use
their legs.
وقتي زماني برسد كه انسان شناسان بخواهند توجه خود را به قرن بيست و يكم معطوف كنند، آنها مطمئناً نام
“بشر بي پا” را براي اين قرن انتخاب مي كنند، زيرا مردم در اين قرن فراموش كرده اند چگونه از پاهاي خود
استفاده كنند

Question 33

Think nothing of doing something:

Answer 33

to think that a particular activity is normal or easy,
even though other people think it is unusual or difficult.
كاري را ساده و عادي دانستن
These days, people think nothing of travelling hundreds of miles each day.
مردم اين روزها مايل ها مسافرت در روز را كاملاً عادي و ساده مي دانند.
He thinks nothing of staying up all night studying.
او شب زنده داري براي درس خواندن را خيلي ساده مي داند

Question 34

Mar

Answer 34

to make something less attractive or enjoyable
از بين بردن جذابيت چيزي
All the beauty spots on earth have been marred by the presence of large car parks.
جذابيت تمام مكانهاي زيباي دنيا با وجود پاركينگ هاي بزرگ ماشين از بين رفته است.
Electricity cables and oil pipelines mar many of the world’s most beautiful landscapes.
كابل هاي برق و خطوط لوله نفت بسياري از جاذبه هاي زيباي دنيا را خراب كرده است

Question 35

Deprive somebody of something:

Answer 35

to prevent someone from having something, especially something that they need or should have.
كسي را از چيزي محروم كردن
We were deprived of the use of our eyes. In our hurry to get from one place to another, we failed to see anything on the way.
ما از استفاده از چشمهايمان محروم شده ايم. در شتاب ما براي رسيدن از جايي به جايي ديگر، ما نمي توانيم چيزي
را سر راهمان ببنيم.
A lot of these children have been deprived of a normal home life.
بسياري از كودكان از داشتن يك زندگي ساده محروم شده اند

Question 36

Look forward to something:

Answer 36

to be excited and pleased about something that is going to happen.
در انتظار چيزي بودن
When you travel at high speeds, the present means nothing: you live mainly in the future because you spend most of your time looking forward to arriving at some other place.
وقتي شما با سرعتي زياد مسافرت مي كنيد، زمان حال براي شما بي معنا مي شود: شما بيشتر در آينده زندگي مي
كنيد زيرا شما بيشتر زمان خود را در انتظار رسيدن به جايي ديگر هستيد.
I am really looking forward to our vacation.
من مشتاقانه منتظر تعطيلاتمان هستم.
نكته: توجه داشته باشيد كه بعد از اين تركيب اگر قرار باشد از فعل استفاده شود، بايد اين فعل
ingباشد:
look forward to doing something

Question 37

Weary:

Answer 37

very tired or bored, especially because you have been doing something for a long time.
خسته
The traveler on foot, at the end of his journey, feels a delicious physical weariness.
مسافر پياده، در انتهاي سفرش، يك خستگي فيزيكي دلچسب را حس مي كند.
I was so weary, I fell asleep as soon as I lay down.
من بسيار خسته بودم، به محض اينكه دراز كشيدم خوابم برد