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Core Conditions third year > Core random Qs > Flashcards

Core random Qs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 catergories of depression Sx

A

Biological
Somatic
Psychological

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2
Q

What is PHQ-9 and give 2 other things similar to it

A

Patient Health Questionnaire it assess depression severity

Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)

Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD)

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3
Q

What do you need to always ask for a patient with suspected mental health problem

A

Suicide or self harm

Any past attempts to harm yourself?

any current attempts?

Risk to self

Did you think of harming anyone around you?

R u able to cope at home? and managing basic living skills? intoxication?

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4
Q

Psych drugs

A

selective seratonin reuptake inhibitors SSRI e.g. fluoxetine, citalopram

noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant NaSSA

selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor SNRI e.g. venlafaxine

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5
Q

Dementia

A

causes - alzheimer Rx with acetylholinestrase inhibitor, vascular Rx with aspirin, parkinson’s

DDx - delirium,pseudo-dementia (with depression)

Sx - mostly family recognised

Rx- support all aspects of life
Awareness of place and time and date

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6
Q

5 As of alzheimers

A

Amnesia - short or complete memory loss
Aphasia - speech
Agnosia - inability to use senses for recognition (visual agnosia
Apraxia - inability to perform certain actions (dressing apraxia)

BPSD? - behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia

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7
Q

whats aphasia

A

Aphasia expressive - can understand perfectly but cant articulate

Aphasia receptive - cant understand but speech is perfect

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8
Q

What is the IQ of a person with learning disability

A

An IQ under 70

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9
Q

Learning Disability’, ‘Learning Difficulty’ and ‘Intellectual Disability

A

Learning disabilty is a big problem

learning difficulty - dyslexia
learning difficulty and intellectual disability are interchangeable terms

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10
Q

Degrees of learning disablities

A

50-69 - fair language, reasonable independance
35-49 better receptive than expressive
20-34 50% will have epilepsy, receptive and expressive
20> increased need and vulnerability 12M developmental level (profound)

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11
Q

what is not learning disability

A

people who develop an IQ less than 70 after age of 18 of any cause

people who have dyslexia or delayed language and speech development

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12
Q

Learning disablity puts you at risk of which conditons

A

Dementia

Alzheimer’s in downs syndrome

psychological 2-3 times higher risk

physical health problems often missed

1/3 of LD develop epilepsy with Sleep disorder Mood change and Self harm

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13
Q

important things with learning difficulties

A

safeguarding

capacity

consent

Deprivation of liberty

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14
Q

Illicit Drugs

A

Heroin A constricted pupils
Cocaine A - stim MI tachy
N LSD A No W/D -DOP-5ht antagonist -halluc- psychosis
N MDMA A -stim dilated pupils- de and over hydration paranoia - rhabdomyolysis
N Psilocybin Mushrooms A - No W/D -5ht partial agonist relaxed, hullc - poisoning, stomach pain paranoia

Cannabis B anxious diarrhea cravings paranoia schiz
Amphetamines B stim monoamine agonist/antagonist
Ketamine B - No W/D -NMDA -relaxed, halluc- GA
Mephedrone B - No W/D- Monoamine agonist/ant -stim, seizures epistaxis

GHB/GBL C stim
Benzodiazepines C - relax GABA

Alcohol - GABA
N Amyl Nitrate - rush high - sudden death

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15
Q

Stroke

A

TIA
complete or in evolotion (progressive)

Sx weakness (reflexes?), visual (x3), visio-spatial (cortex), speech (aphasia, dysarthria), ataxia, headache, coma, apraxia?

seizures and coma?

focal neuro deficit

inv

cardiac emboli

Rx- tissue plasmonigen, aspirin, hep and warf?

risks

causes

ABCD2

Reflexes

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16
Q

Parkinson’s disease

A

vascular or idiopathic

triad of PD - tremor, tone, bradykinesia

Rx - levodopa, decarboxylas, MONO, COMPT, anticholinergics
Holiperidol ?

when to inv? - pyramidal involvement

risks - familial, age, gender, environmental

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17
Q

Epilepsy

A 
type of seizures
tonic clonic
absence
myoclonic
clonic
tonic
atonic - flaccid

focal - simple and complex

inv

Rx

18
Q

Meningitis

A

Meningism

viral causes - headache?
pnemonia?

LP and CT - PCR, blood cultures

bacterial

Rx

19
Q

Migraines

A

Causes - CHOCOLATE the pill HRT

Rx

DDx

prevention

20
Q

AAA

A

8:1 age 3M:1F scary

abdo pain going to the back or groin like renal colic

complications- rupture, fibrosis, hydronephrosis, thrombus

weird Rx

all >5.5 surgery

> 6 DVLA >6.5 no drive

layers

21
Q

Asthma

A

3 asthma

hay fever

ladder

acute and chronic

PEFR

22
Q

Pneumonia

A

CAP- strep. pneumonia, H.influenzae, mycoplasma pneumonoa

HAP gram-ve entero, staph aureas, pseudomonas

CURB65

23
Q

COPD

A

COPD ladder

emphysema

Genetics

24
Q

Surgical sieve

A 
V: vascular
I: infective/Inflammatory
T: traumatic
A: autoimmune
M: metabolic
I: iatrogenic/idiopathic
N: neoplastic
C: congenital
D: degenerative/developmental
E: endocrine/environmental
F: functional
25
Q

UTI

A

umbrellax4

organisims

Rx

26
Q

Gram -ve vs gram +ve

A

blue +ve
more susceptible to Abx, penicillin and vancomycin Vgood

streptococcus, staphylcoccus, clostridium

steroptomycin and tetracyclines dnt do shit

red -ve
More resistant to Abx Penicillin and vancomycin Bad

E coli
H. influenzae
pesuedomonas
neisseria meningitidis

steroptomycin and tetracyclines killsem

27
Q

Urinary tract obstruction

A

Common places
Hydronephrosis

Inv

Rx

causes - calculi mostly

28
Q

AKI

A

Commonest causes
ischaemia to kidneys
Drugs
sepsis

Commonest risks for developing AKI
Diabetes
Sepsis
Drugs

STOP AKI

Sepsis

Toxins - nephrtoxic drugs stop

Optimized BP

Prevent complications: hyperkalaemia, pulmonary oedaema, acidosis, pericarditis
Identify cause

29
Q

CKD

A

Stages

Rx
ELSA BCD

Electrolyte imbalances

Life - diet exercise smoking

Stop nephrotoxins

ACE or ARB for proteinuria

BP 130/80

Complication screen

Vit D for renal bone disease

Sx
fluid overload,

Aims of Rx - prevent further damage, complications, prepare for RRT

30
Q

BPH

A

Hx - diurnal, frequency, night, volume

Sx - HIFU

Rx - med and surgery

black>white

31
Q

Black>white

A

HTN

CKDx4

BPH

Prostate cancer

32
Q

Adenocarcinomas

A

Breast

Pancrease

Prostate

Colon

bladder - squamos cell carncinoma

33
Q

Prostate cancer

A

Adenocarcinoma

metastasis - B and L

Men 1-9UK and 26% of men cancer

risks- Fx age black

Sx - FIHU heamturia incontinence

DDx

Inv
.
Rx

prognosis - die with it not from it, >10% live >10yrs, >10% die within 6 months

34
Q

GORD

A

Causes- HGOOSAS

complications

extra-oesophageal Sx

35
Q

Peptic ulcer

A

Gastric and duedenal

Causes hiatus hernia NSAIDs

risks smoking alcohol

comp - perf, stricture, malignancy bleeding

36
Q

IBD

A

UC HLADR103
eyes - uveitis
sx - bouts of diarrhoea +/- blood or mucus
sigmoidoscopy - loss of vascular patter
risk - 15-30, less in smokers, appendectomy protects

IBD eyes- conujuctivitis, iritis, episcliritis
Investigations? barium,CT

crohns
symptoms - dirarhoea urgency wakeup in morning and tfjeer in 45minz
signs - mouth ulcers, anal tags, fistulas, perianal abscess, anal stricture, abdo tender/mass
crohn’s risks - commoner in smokers

37
Q

GI bleed

A

Upper - haematemesis - from oesophagus, stomach, or deuodenum.
causes Hpylori, mallory weiss, alcohol, NSAIDs, peptic ulcer

causes of lower GI bleed - divericular disease, meckels diverticulum, mesenteric

38
Q

Hepatitis

A

Check normal cards

39
Q

Pancreatitis

A

Causes I GET SMASHED3

Sx sudden severe epi pain to back with vomiting

40
Q

cauda equina 3 features

A

saddle area numbness

1 or 2 leg weakness

bowel or urine incontinence

41
Q

AF

A

Flexanide PO if it is paroxysmal AF - infrequent episodes

Core Conditions third year (78 decks)

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