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Urinary system > Control of micturition > Flashcards

Control of micturition Flashcards

1
Q

What stages does the bladder go through?

A

Storage phase

Micturition phase

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2
Q

What is the storage phase of the bladder?

A

Bladder fills with urine

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3
Q

How does the volume of urine in the bladder change during the storage phase?

A

Volume increases as it is filled with urine

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4
Q

How does the pressure in the bladder change during the storage phase?

A

Pressure increases slightly

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5
Q

Why does the pressure in the bladder increase only slightly during the storage phase?

A

Because the detrusor muscle relaxes

increasing the volume of space in the bladder

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6
Q

What causes the bladder detrusor muscle to relax?

A

Sympathetic post-ganglionic nerve fibres innervating it

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7
Q

What stimulates the sympathetic nerve fibres innervating the bladder detrusor muscle?

A

Sensory nerve fibres innervating bladder detrusor muscle

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8
Q

Where do sympathetic pre-ganglionic nerve fibres contributing to the innervation of the bladder detrusor muscle arise?

A

T10-L2

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9
Q

Where do sensory nerve fibres innervating the bladder detrusor muscle travel in the spinal cord?

A

Enter spinal cord at S2-S4

and then ascend up to T10-L2

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10
Q

Where do the sensory nerve fibres innervating the bladder detrusor muscle synapse with the sympathetic pre-ganglionic nerve fibres?

A

T10-L2

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11
Q

What stimulates sensory nerve fibres innervating the bladder detrusor muscle?

A

Stretch receptors in the bladder detrusor muscle

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12
Q

What happens to the internal urethral sphincter during the storage phase?

A

It is contracted

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13
Q

What stimulates the internal urethral sphincter to contract?

A

Sympathetic post-ganglionic nerve fibres

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14
Q

What happens to the external urethral sphincter during the storage phase?

A

It is contracted

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15
Q

What stimulates the external urethral sphincter to contract?

A

Somatic nerve fibres

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16
Q

What carries the somatic nerve fibres innervating the bladder from the spinal cord to the external urethral sphincter?

A

Pudendal nerve

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17
Q

What are the spinal nerve roots of the pudendal nerve?

A

S2-S4

18
Q

What stimulates the somatic nerve fibres innervating the external urethral sphincter?

A

L centre

sends out excitatory nerve fibres that run down the spinal cord

19
Q

Where is the L centre located?

A

Pons of brainstem

20
Q

What do the sensory and sympathetic nerve fibres innervating the bladder detrusor muscle and internal urethral sphincter form?

A

Spinal reflex arc

21
Q

What is the name of the spinal reflex arc responsible for the storage phase of the bladder?

A

Storage reflex

22
Q

What is the micturition phase of the bladder?

A

Urine is released and expulsed from the bladder

23
Q

What happens to the volume of urine in the bladder during the micturition phase?

A

Decreases

24
Q

What happens to the pressure in the bladder during the micturition phase?

A

Increases and decreases

but overall it decreases

25
Q

Why does the pressure in the bladder increase and decrease during the micturition phase?

A

Due to the bladder detrusor muscle undergoing contractions

26
Q

Why does the the pressure in the bladder decrease overall during the micturition phase?

A

Due to expulsion of urine from bladder

27
Q

What causes the bladder detrusor muscle to contract?

A

Parsympathetic post-ganglionic nerve fibres innervating it

28
Q

Where do the parasympathetic pre-ganglionic nerve fibres contributing to innveration of the bladder detrusor muscle arise?

A

S2-S4

29
Q

What stimulates the parasympathetic nerve fibres innervating the bladder detrusor muscle?

A

Sensory nerve fibres innervating the bladder detrusor muscle

Excitatory nerve fibres from M centre

30
Q

Where is the M centre located?

A

Pons of brainstem

31
Q

Where do the sensory nerve fibres innervating the bladder detrusor muscle synapse with the parasympathetic pre-ganglionic nerve fibres?

A

S2-S4

32
Q

What stimulates the M centre?

A

Sensory nerve fibres innervating the bladder detrusor muscle generating high-frequency action potentials

Nerve fibres from cerebral cortex

33
Q

How does the amount of stretch of the bladder detrusor muscle affect the stimulation of the sensory nerve fibres innervating the bladder detrusor muscle?

A

Small amount of stretch causes low frequency action potentials along sensory nerve fibres

Large amount of stretch causes high frequency action potentials along sensory nerve fibres

34
Q

What does the M centre stimulate?

A

Stimulates parasympathetic nerve fibres innervating the bladder detrusor muscle even more

35
Q

What does the M centre inhibit?

A

Inhibits the L centre

Inhibits the sympathetic nerve fibres innervating the bladder detrusor muscle and internal urethral sphincter

36
Q

What inhibits the M centre?

A

Nerve fibres from cerebral cortex

37
Q

What is the purpose of nerve fibres from the cerebral cortex stimulating or inhibiting the M centre?

A

Gives individual control over micturition as a whole

38
Q

What do the sensory nerve fibres and parasympatheitc nerve fibres innervating the bladder detrusor muscle form?

A

Spinal reflex arc

39
Q

What is the name of the spinal reflex arc responsible for the micturition phase of the bladder?

A

Micturition reflex

40
Q

What type of receptor do sympathetic post-ganglionic nerve fibres innervating the bladder detrusor muscle act on?

A

B3 adrenoceptors

41
Q

What type of receptor do sympathetic post-ganglionic nerve fibres innervating the internal urethral sphincter act on?

A

A1 adrenoceptors

42
Q

What type of receptor do parasympathetic post-ganglionic nerve fibres innervating the bladder detrusor muscle act on?

A

M3 muscarinic receptors

Urinary system (25 decks)

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