Acute kidney injury 2 Flashcards
What investigations are done for a patient with acute kidney injury?
Urinalysis
Urine microscopy
Imaging
Renal biopsy
What is the purpose of urinalysis?
To see whether patient’s blood contains blood, white cells or proteins in it
What is the purpose of urine microscopy?
To see if there is an infection
What is the purpose of renal imaging?
To see if urinary tract is obstructed
When is a renal biopsy done for a patient with acute kidney injury?
When intra-renal acute kidney injury is suspected
What is the purpose of a renal biopsy?
See kidney tissue uder microscope
so confirm diagnosis of intra-renal acute kidney injury, what type
How is a patient with acute kidney injury treated?
Restrict water, sodium ions in diet
Calcium gluconate, restrict potassium ions in diet, give insulin and dextrose, B2 agonists
Dialysis
Why are water and sodium ions restricted for a patient with acute kidney injury?
Because they have fluid overload
Why is calcium gluconate given to patients with acute kidney injury?
Stops heart reacting to high serum potassium
to prevent cardiac arrythmias
Why are insulin and dextrose given to patients with acute kidney injury?
Insulin increases potassium ion uptake by cells
dextrose to prevent hypoglycaemia by insulin
When is dialysis used to treat a patient with acute kidney injury?
Fluid overload even with diuretics
Signs of uraemia
High serum potassium level even with treatment
Metabolic acidosis
Presence of nephrotoxin in blood
What are the risk factors for acute kidney injury?
Increasing age
Chronic kidney disease
Heart disease
